算法视域下人工智能的分类与哲学思考的进路  

Classification and Philosophical Thinking of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Algorithm

作　　者：张本祥[1] ZHANG Ben-xiang(School of Philosophy,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学哲学学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2020年第4期67-71,共5页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：算法是已阐明的涉及数学的唯一基本认识论概念,其本质是“确定性递归”,迄今已经历了一个从有限性、递归性、统计性到实践性算法的拓展过程,而人工智能(AI)的核心是算法,其功能是依循算法通过计算解决复杂性问题,则AI可相应地分类为有限性AI、递归性AI、统计性AI和实践性AI,现今所设想的通用AI是此四类AI的混合体。同时,以算法为桥梁可沟通AI和哲学,开辟对AI进行哲学思考的算法进路:AI依算法展开的计算过程可指向、趋近实无限的彼岸世界,AI的工具价值实际上就是一个“确定性递归有限展开”的价值,算法及其展开是语言、是认知,算法本身也是方法,循此进路可对AI的绝对边界、工具价值问题、还原论的彻底性、智慧的本质等问题进行深入研究。Algorithm is the only basic epistemological concept that has been clarified involving mathematics,and its essence is“deterministic recursion”.It has so far experienced an expansion process from finite,recursive,statistical to practical algorithms.The core of artificial intelligence(AI)is algorithm,which functions to solve complexity problems through calculation based on algorithm.Thus AI can be classified into finite AI,recursive AI,statistical AI and practical AI,the mixture of which is in fact the universal AI envisaged today.At the same time,using algorithm as a bridge to communicate AI and philosophy may lead to the algorithm approach to the philosophical thinking of AI.In fact,AI's computational process based on algorithm may point to or approach the world with real infinity,the tool value of AI is the value of the“deterministic recurrent finite expansion”.Algorithm as well as its expansion is both language and cognition,and algorithm itself is also a method.Accordingly,on the basis of algorithm approach,philosophical problems as the absolute boundary of AI,the tool value problem,the completeness of reductionism,the essence of wisdom and so on can be studied in depth.

关 键 词：算法 人工智能 哲学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]