基于能值理论的农田-畜禽生产系统可持续动态  

Dynamic research on sustainable development of farmland-livestock production system based on emergy theory

作　　者：黄黄 时宇 冉珊珊 苏海蓉 刘金娥 HUANG Huang;SHI Yu;RAN Shan-shan;SU Hai-rong;LIU Jin-e(School of Environment,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学环境学院,南京210023 [2]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2020年第4期869-883,共15页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB953800);国家自然科学基金项目(41773077,40973053);江苏省环保课题(2017021)。

摘　　要：为了解我国东南丘陵山区农业生产动态及其可持续性,以福建典型山区德化县为例,构建废弃物能值比例、环境污染能值负产出等指标,运用能值理论定量分析德化县2007-2016年农田-畜禽生产系统投入产出、环境负荷及可持续性的变化。结果表明:德化县农田-畜禽生产系统能值投入以购买能值为主,占能值总投入的68%~79%,水资源能值约占21%~31%;畜禽子系统能值产出占72%以上;能值密度在2.68×10^12~3.33×10^12sej·m^-2之间波动上升,净能值产出率下降40%,环境负荷明显加重,2015年以来有所减轻;可持续发展指数在2007-2010年短暂上升后快速下降,由1.14降至0.42。从构建的指标来看,系统废弃物能值比例有所下降,环境污染能值产出减少约22%,综合经济效益和废弃物利用情况,近年来可持续发展状况逐渐好转。德化县目前正处于农田-畜禽系统产出结构调整期,应增加系统内部反馈能值用量,控制化肥、饲料投入,提高废弃物利用率,以实现可持续发展。To understand the agricultural production dynamics and sustainability in the hilly areas of southeast China,this paper took Dehua county,a typical mountainous area in Fujian province,as an example to quantitatively analyze the changes of input,output,environmental load and sustainability of farmland-livestock systems from 2007 to 2016,and constructed the indicators of waste emergy ratio and environmental pollution emergy negative output.The results showed that the input of the farmland-livestock system in the study area was mainly based on the purchasing emergy,accounting for 68%-79% of the total emergy input,and the emergy of water resources accounted for 21%-31%.The emergy output of livestock systems accounted for more than 72% of the total output.And the emergy density fluctuated between2.68×10^12 and 3.33×10^12 sej·m^-2,and emergy per person increased from 1.23×10^16 sej to 1.72×10^16 sej.The net emergy yield ratio decreased by 40%,and the environmental load increased significantly,which could have been maintained since 2015.The emergy sustainability index fell rapidly from 1.14 to 0.42 after a brief rise in 2007-2010.From the indicators of construction,the proportion of system waste emergy decreased,and environmental pollution emergy output decreased by about 22%.In terms of comprehensive economic benefits and waste utilization,the sustainable development of Dehua county has gradually improved in recent years.Dehua county is currently adjusting its output structure of farmland-livestock system.It should increase the amount of feedback emergy in the system,control fertilizer and feed input,and improve waste utilization to achieve sustainable development.

关 键 词：能值分析 丘陵山区 农业生产系统 发展动态 环境负荷 可持续性 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济] F326.3