4种微生物菌剂对辣椒主要病害的生物防治作用  

Biological Control of Four Kinds of Microbial Preparations against Main Diseases of Pepper

作　　者：卯婷婷[1] 陶刚[1,2,3] 赵兴丽 王琦 李世东 MAO Tingting;TAO Gang;ZHAO Xingli;WANG Qi;LI Shidong(Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology,Guiyang 550006,China;Institute of Biotechnology,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院植物保护研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [3]贵州省农业生物技术重点实验室,贵阳550006 [4]贵州省农业科学院生物技术研究所,贵阳550006 [5]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100193 [6]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2020年第2期258-264,共7页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(2016-2529);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201102);贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养对象专项资金(2015-27)。

摘　　要：本文选择4种不同微生物活性成分的生防菌剂,采用盆栽生物量测定、温室和田间小区试验对辣椒主要病害进行抗病效果及促生增产作用评价。结果表明,木霉-芽胞杆菌复合菌剂对辣椒的枯萎病、疫病、炭疽病和灰霉病防效分别达到72.2%、78.3%、71.9%和59.7%,枯草芽胞杆菌-粉红粘帚霉复合菌剂对辣椒4种病害的防效分别达到60.5%、62.1%、60.5%和50.9%;而淡紫紫孢菌菌剂只对辣椒炭疽病具有很好防效(77.5%)。同时,4种微生物菌剂对辣椒植株生物量均有显著促生作用,其中木霉-芽胞杆菌复合菌剂及枯草芽胞杆菌-粉红粘帚霉复合菌剂在盆栽试验中鲜重和干重增幅分别为132.79%、190.35%和211.80%、293.84%;两者在温室及田间小区试验中比对照增产182.3%、152.7%和65.0%、23.9%。本研究表明,生防菌剂可以替代化学药剂用于植物病害的防治,同时还能够促进作物植株生长,有增产作用。Effects of four microbial preparations,whose active microorganisms were composed of Bacillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,Purureocillium lilacinum and Clonostachys rosea,were investigated on their resistances against main diseases and growth promotions of pepper through the potted biomass measurements,plot tests in greenhouse and field trials.The results showed that the control efficacy of Trichoderma-Bacillus complex microbial inoculants on Fusarium wilt,blight,anthracnose and grey mould of pepper was 72.2%,78.3%,71.9%and 59.7%respectively,and that of B.subtilis-C.rosea complex microbial inoculants on four diseases of pepper was 60.5%,62.1%,60.5%and 50.9%,respectively.Microbial preparation of P.lilacinum had high effect against pepper anthracnose with the efficacy of 77.5%,but low effects against the other diseases above.Four microbial preparations had significant effects on growth promotion of the pepper plants,especially the two compound preparations,with the increasing rates of fresh and dry weight of 132.79%,190.35%and 211.80%,293.84%respectively,and both preparations also increased the yield of pepper dramatically in plot tests in greenhouse and field trials,with rates of 182.3%,152.7%and 65.0%,23.9%,compared with the control.The results demonstrated that microbial preparations can be used as a substitute for the prevention of plant diseases,also can promote the growth and yields of crops.

关 键 词：木霉菌 芽胞杆菌 淡紫紫孢菌 复合菌剂 促生 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]