田野里的工厂:资本化农业劳动体制研究——以宁夏南部黄高县菜心产业为例  

Factories in the Field:A Study on the Capitalized Agricultural Labor Regime

作　　者：陈航英 Chen Hangying(College of Humanities and Social Development,Northwest A&F University;Collaborative Innovation Center of Rural Governance&Social Construction of Shaanxi Province)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院 [2]陕西省乡村治理与社会建设协同创新研究中心

出　　处：《开放时代》2020年第3期168-187,M0008,共21页Open Times

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金西部和边疆地区项目“新型农业经营主体与乡土社会的互动关系研究”(项目编号:19XJC840001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以宁夏南部黄高县的菜心产业为例,主要从用工体制和劳动过程两个方面展开对资本化农业劳动体制的探讨。研究发现,在市场需求压力下,资本化农场并未就近雇佣本地劳工,反而是通过包工制雇佣外地劳工。在农业商品化不断深化的进程中,以外地劳工为主的用工体制及其运行构成了一种特殊的、工厂式的资本化农业劳动体制。尽管这种劳动体制有其现实可行性,但通过对劳动过程的讨论发现,农业劳工的结构性力量和自主抵抗构成了其先天的限度。本研究在与“农业特殊主义”思维展开对话的同时,呼吁对农业商品化和工业化展开反思。Taking the cabbage industry in Huanggao County in Southern Ningxia as an example,this article mainly discusses capitalized agricultural labor regime from two aspects:the employment system and the labor process.The study finds that under the pressure of market demand,capitalized farms do not hire local laborers,but instead recruit non-local laborers through a contracted labor system.With the deepening of agricultural commodification,the employment system based on non-local laborers and its operation constitute a special,factorystyle capitalized agricultural labor regime.Although this labor regime has its practical feasibility,it is found through discussion of the labor process that the structural strength and autonomous resistance of agricultural labor constitute its innate limits.While conducting a dialogue with the thinking of“agricultural exceptionalism”,this study calls for a reflection on agricultural commercialization and industrialization.

关 键 词：资本化农业 劳动体制 农业劳工 农业商品化 农业特殊主义 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F326.13