补灌时期对砂田西瓜产量、品质及水氮利用的影响  

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation on Yield,Quality and Water and Nitrogen Utilization of Watermelon in Gravel-mulched Field

作　　者：杜少平[1] 马忠明[2] 薛亮[3] DU Shao-ping;MA Zhong-ming;XUE Liang(Institute of Vegetables, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第4期42-45,51,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201300);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系项目(CARS-26-20)。

摘　　要：探讨补灌对砂田西瓜提质增效与水肥高效利用的协同效应,为西北干旱半干旱区砂田西瓜高产高效栽培提供理论依据。在西瓜关键生育时期设置4个补灌处理(CK:西瓜生育期无补灌;W1:西瓜伸蔓期补灌;W2:西瓜坐果期补灌;W3:西瓜膨果期补灌),所有处理补灌量均一致,即45 m^3/hm^2,研究不同时期补灌对砂田西瓜产量、品质及水、氮利用的影响。砂田西瓜坐果期补灌较对照增产32.74,果实中糖和边糖含量分别提高了5.58和9.80,Vc含量提高了21.25,且糖分梯度最低。同时,坐果期补灌有利于促进氮素从西瓜营养器官向果实的转运,果实氮素积累量较对照提高了41.62,氮肥偏生产力提高了35.48。水分利用效率也随着西瓜产量的增加而提高,其中坐果期补灌处理的西瓜水分利用效率较对照提高了25.13。在砂田西瓜坐果期进行补灌可有效提高产量、品质及水氮利用率。The purpose of this paper is to explore the synergistic effects of supplemental irrigation on yield,quality and water and nitrogen utilization of watermelon in gravel-mulched field,and provide theoretical basis for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of watermelon in gravel-mulched field of northwest China.In this study,four supplemental irrigation treatments were set up,including treatment CK of no supplemental irrigation during the whole growth period of watermelon,treatment W1 of supplemental irrigation at vine stage,treatment W2 of supplemental irrigation at fruit stage,and treatment W3 of supplemental irrigation at fruiting stage.All treatments had the same amount of supplementary irrigation(45 m^3/hm^2)to study the effects of supplementary irrigation at different periods on the yield,quality,water and nitrogen utilization of watermelon in gravel-mulched field.The results showed that for treatment W2,the watermelon yield was increased by 32.74%,and the center sugar,edge sugar and vitamin C content of fruit was increased by 5.58%,9.80%and 21.25%,respectively,than that of treatment CK,and the sugar gradient was the lowest;at the same time,for treatment W2,the nitrogen accumulation and its transport from the nutritional organ to the fruit were promoted,the accumulation of nitrogen in fruits was increased by 41.62%and the productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 35.48%;water use efficiency was also enhanced with the increase of watermelon yield,and the water use efficiency of watermelon of treatment W2 was enhanced by 25.13%than that of CK.In summary,supplemental irrigation at fruit stage of watermelon can improve yield,quality,and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency in gravel-mulched field.

关 键 词：补灌 砂田 西瓜 产量 品质 水氮利用率 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]