泾惠渠灌区冬小麦夏玉米灌溉制度优化研究  

Optimization of Irrigation Schedule for Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Jinghuiqu Irrigation Area

作　　者：姚毛毛 王阿静 陈新明[1] YAO Mao-mao;WANG A-jing;CHEN Xin-ming(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;Water Resources Management Station of Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province, Yongshou 712300, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省永寿县水利管理站,陕西永寿712300

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2020年第4期46-51,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400200)。

摘　　要：为了提高农业生产用水效率,降低农业灌溉水资源的浪费,2013-2016年,在陕西省泾惠渠灌区进行了连续3年的冬小麦夏玉米连作非充分灌溉制度试验,研究其灌溉制度优化。试验设置8个非充分灌水处理,每个处理重复2次。通过分析3年冬小麦夏玉米生育期的降雨量、灌水量,及其在产量、水分利用效率、益损比方面的影响,进而确定不同降雨频率年型下的冬小麦、夏玉米合理灌溉制度。试验结果表明:冬小麦、夏玉米生长发育阶段不同灌水期和灌水量对其产量影响显著。产量和水分利用效率两者相协调的最优灌溉制度是T4(冬灌返青灌)与H4(压茬灌抽雄灌),全年四次灌水,灌溉定额为4800 m^3/hm^2。In order to improve the agricultural production water use efficiency and reduce the waste of agricultural irrigation water resources,in 2013-2016,a three-year continuous winter wheat and summer maize continuous cropping non-sufficient irrigation system experiment was conducted in the Jinghuiqu Irrigation District of Shaanxi Province to study the optimization of its irrigation system.The experiment set up 8 inadequate irrigation treatments,and each treatment was repeated twice.Based on the analysis of rainfall,irrigation,and its impact on yield,water use efficiency,and profit-loss ratio during the three-year winter wheat summer corn growth period,a reasonable irrigation system for winter wheat and summer corn under different rainfall frequency years was determined.The test results showed that different irrigation periods and irrigation amounts of winter wheat and summer corn had significant effects on their yields.The optimal irrigation system that coordinated the yield and water use efficiency was T4(winter irrigation with return green irrigation)and H4(stubble irrigation with male irrigation),irrigation four times during the whole year,and the irrigation quota was 4800 m^3/hm^2.

关 键 词：冬小麦 夏玉米 灌溉制度优化 非充分灌溉制度 水分利用效率 泾惠渠灌区 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]