饵料种类对中华绒螯蟹脂肪酸组成及打斗行为的影响  

Effects of different diets on fatty acid composition and fighting behavior of Chinese mitten handed crab Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：刘汉堤 李晓东 曹萌[1,2] 代亮 李艺 蒋秋月 耿丹 LIU Handi;LI Xiaodong;CAO Meng;DAI Liang;LI Yi;JIANG Qiuyue;GENG Dan(College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;Key Laboratory of Breeding of Eriocheir Sinensis in Liaoning Province, Panjin Guanghe Fisheries Company Limited, Panjin 124200, China;College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]盘锦光合蟹业有限公司研发中心,辽宁省中华绒螯蟹育种重点实验室,辽宁盘锦124200 [3]沈阳农业大学畜牧兽医学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2020年第3期392-398,共7页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：辽宁省重点研发计划指导项目(2018203002);河蟹育种和养殖技术中的行为学应用研究项目(XLYC1802053b);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1802053);辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019416012)。

摘　　要：为了探讨饵料种类对中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis脂肪酸组成及打斗行为的影响,以150只体质量为(55.00±3.09)g的中华绒螯蟹雌性成蟹为研究对象,分别投喂粗饲料、动物性饵料(冰鲜鱼、蛤)和配合饲料,养殖45 d后,利用气相色谱仪检测其肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺脂肪酸组成,并采用连续摄像观察法对不同饵料组内和组间中华绒螯蟹的打斗行为进行量化分析。结果表明:在中华绒螯蟹肌肉、性腺和肝胰腺组织中分别检测到11、15、17种脂肪酸,其中肌肉中主要脂肪酸为多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),肝胰腺和性腺中主要脂肪酸均为单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA);C18∶1n8、C18∶2n6c、C16∶0为中华绒螯蟹体内含量最高的脂肪酸;肝胰腺和性腺中动物性饵料组C22∶6n3(DHA)含量显著高于粗饲料和配合饲料组(P<0.05),性腺中配合饲料组C20∶5n3(EPA)含量最高(P<0.05);配合饲料组肌肉中的∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA值显著高于粗饲料组和动物性饵料组(P<0.05),具有更高的脂肪酸营养价值;在同种饲料组内打斗中,配合饲料组中华绒螯蟹打斗次数和打斗时长均为最高(P<0.05);不同饵料组间打斗中,粗饲料投喂下的中华绒螯蟹更具攻击性,其与动物性饵料和配合饲料组的打斗中,其打斗次数、争斗发起次数和打斗时长均为最高(P<0.05)。研究表明,配合饲料组投喂下的中华绒螯蟹比粗饲料和动物性饵料组具有更高的脂肪酸营养价值,且攻击性也相对较低。Female new strain of Chinese mitten handed crab Eriocheir sinensis with body weight of(55.00±3.09)g were reared in a polyethylene plastic white bucket with a diameter of 30 cm and fed fodder containing corn,soybean meal,wheat bran and trace elements(group A),Chilled diet containing trash fish and clams(group B)and formulated diet(group C)at water temperature of 20-22℃with aeration for 45 days.The Chinese mitten handed crab were paired within the three groups,that is,AA,BB,CC,AB,AC,and BC,and held in a polyethylene tube with a diameter of 30 cm and 2 cm thick sand disposed in a 120 L tank armed with a IR network gun camera(TL-IPC525C)directly above to explore the effects of diet types on fatty acid composition and fighting behavior of Chinese mitten handed crab.The results showed that 11 fatty acids were detected in muscle,15 fatty acids in gonad,and 17 fatty acids in hepatopancreas of Chinese mitten handed crab,with predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)in muscle,and predominant monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)in hepatopancreas and gonad.The maximal fatty acids were C18:1n8,C18:2n6c,and C16:0 in the crab.There was significantly higher content of C22:6n3(DHA)in hepatopancreas and gonad in group B than that in group A and group C(P<0.05),with the maximal content of C20:5n3(EPA)in gonad in group C(P<0.05),and significantly higher content ofΣn-3PUFA/Σn-6PUFA in the muscles in group C than that in group A and group B(P<0.05),which had higher fatty acid nutritional value.There were the maximal fighting frequency and fighting duration in group C(P<0.05),indicating that the Chinese mitten handed crab fed fodder had more aggressive behavior,with the maximal fighting frequency and fighting duration in the battles with the crab in group A and group B(P<0.05).The findings indicated that the Chinese mitten handed crab fed formulated diet had higher fatty acid nutritional value and was less aggressive than the crab fed fodder and Chilled diet did.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 不同饵料 脂肪酸 打斗行为 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]