清代早中期黄河决溢与治黄保漕的时空变迁述论  

On the Time-space Change of the Yellow River Flood and Its Administration in the Early and Middle Qing Dynasty

作　　者：田冰[1] Tian Bing

机构地区：[1]河南省社会科学院历史与考古研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2020年第3期101-107,共7页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“清代北方地区的城乡关系研究”(17BZS136)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代黄河水患灾害范围之大,几乎遍及河南东部、山东西北部和西南部、江苏长江以北地区。同样,清代每年所需漕粮与明代一样,仰给于江南,京杭大运河的漕粮运输仍是清王朝的经济命脉,自江苏邳州至淮安有近百公里的运道要借助黄河,黄河仍然是漕运能否畅通的重要保证。由于明末清初连续40多年的战乱,黄河堤防失修,河患严重影响到清王朝京杭大运河的正常漕运。乾隆后期,黄河水患日益严重,不得不“借黄济运”,至嘉庆道光年间治河无术,黄河下游河道到了不可收拾的局面,咸丰五年黄河在兰阳铜瓦厢改道东流后,京杭大运河的漕粮运输终于退出历史舞台。In the early and middle Qing Dynasty,the Yellow River flood disaster spread to the east of Henan,northwest and southwest of Shandong,and north of Yangtze river in Jiangsu.Similarly,as in the Ming Dynasty,the grain needed by the Qing government every year depended on the south of the Yangtze river,and the transport of grain by the The Grand Canal flow from Beijing to Hangzhou was still the economic lifeline of Qing Dynasty.There were nearly 100 kilometers of transport routes from the Peizhou city of Jiangsu province to Huai’an by the Yellow River,which was still an important guarantee for the smooth transport of grain.Due to the war in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty,the dykes of the Yellow River were in disrepair.In the late Qianlong period,the Yellow River was suffering from increasingly serious floods,so it was necessary to administer the Yellow River for protecting transportation.In the reign of Jiaqing and Daoguang,there was no way to administer the Yellow River.In the fifth year of Xianfeng,after the Yellow River diverted to the east at the Tongwaxiang of Lanyang,grain transport in the Grand Canal flow from Beijing to Hangzhou finally retired from the historical stage.

关 键 词：咸丰五年 黄河决溢 治黄保漕 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]