覆盖与间作对丹江口库区坡地茶园氮磷流失和土壤环境的影响  

Effects of Mulching and Intercropping on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff Losses from Sloping Land and Soil Environment of Tea Garden in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

作　　者：李太魁[1,2,3] 张香凝 郭战玲[1,2,3] 寇长林 吕金岭[1,2,3] 杨小林 LI Taikui;ZHANG Xiangning;GUO Zhanling;KOU Changlin;LV Jinling;YANG Xiaolin(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation Ministry of Agricultural,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Safety and Emergency Management Research Center,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]农业部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省农业生态环境重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [4]河南理工大学安全与应急管理研究中心,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第3期543-549,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大水专项(2012ZX07205-001);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801403);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金项目(2019ZC31);教育部人文社科基金项目(16YJCZH051,17YJCZH217)。

摘　　要：为探明丹江口库区坡地低龄茶园养分流失特征,通过田间实地监测,设计间作三叶草、秸秆覆盖和对照3个处理,研究了自然降雨条件下不同措施对氮磷养分径流流失的影响。结果表明,对地表径流量、土壤侵蚀量的控制效果均为秸秆覆盖>间作三叶草>对照,秸秆覆盖、间作三叶草的径流量比对照分别减少了45.87%、38.55%;泥沙量比对照分别减少了45.18%、32.94%。对不同处理方式茶园地表径流水体氮素形态特征分析表明,可溶性氮素占总氮的比例较高,占到64.16%-80.85%,可溶性氮素以硝态氮为主,铵态氮所占比重较低。磷素流失以颗粒态为主,占到62.10%-64.80%;对地表径流中氮、磷流失量的控制效果均为秸秆覆盖>间作三叶草>对照,间作三叶草和秸秆覆盖的总氮流失量分别比对照减少了59.28%、62.31%,总磷流失量分别比对照减少了51.82%、63.25%;间作三叶草和秸秆覆盖对茶园土壤温度、水分供应调控效果表现为:在不同时期均提高了表层土壤(0-20 cm)含水量,降低了土壤温度的变化幅度,具有升温时降温和降温时升温保温的动态调控作用。以上结果说明,秸秆覆盖和间作三叶草是两种切实有效和值得在丹江口库区大力推广的种植模式。Field experiment was conducted to study the sloping land pathways and processes of water and nutrient movement in a new mountainous tea garden in Danjiangkou Reservoir area.Three treatments were adopted in the runoff plots,including conventional practice as control(CK),straw mulching and intercropping clover.Nitrogen(N)and phosphors(P)losses with surface runoff were measured during the experimental period.Results showed the surface runoff and soil control effects of different treatments were presented a trend of straw mulching>intercropping clover>CK.Compared with CK,straw mulching and intercropping clover decreased the runoff rate by 45.87%and 38.55%,and the erode rate decreased by 45.18%and 32.94%,respectively.Much more nitrogen was lost than phosphorus from mountainous tea garden soil,and the soluble nitrogen occupied much of total nitrogen loss,which accounted for 64.16%–80.85%,primarily in the nitrate form rather than the ammonium form.Phosphorus existed in the runoff was mainly in the form of granular P,which accounted for 62.10%-64.80%.The effects of different treatments on preventing nitrogen and phosphorus loss were:straw mulching>intercropping clover>CK.Compared with CK,straw mulching and intercropping clover decreased the nitrogen in runoff rate by 59.28%and 62.31%,and the phosphorus in runoff decreased by 51.82%and 63.25%,respectively.Straw mulching and intercropping clover can not only increase the soil moisture in the soil layer(0-20 cm)at the different period,but also decrease soil temperature difference,have bidirectional effects of lower temperature when it went up and increasing and keeping temperature when it went down.Our results suggest that measures of straw mulching and intercropping clover are effective to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area.

关 键 词：丹江口库区 坡耕地 茶园 氮磷流失 秸秆覆盖 间作三叶草 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]