不同饲料对小龙虾日摄食率、消化率、生长及肌肉品质的影响  

Effects of Different Feeds on Daily Feeding Rate,Digestibility,Growth and Muscle Quality of Crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)

作　　者：黄春红 梁洲勇 陈蕴 郭慧 类延菊 HUANG Chunhong;LIANG Zhouyong;CHEN Yun;GUO Hui;LEI Yanju(Key Laboratory of Zoology in Hunan Higher Education,Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province,College of Life and Environmental Science,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde 415000,China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Food Processing of Aquatic Biotic Resources,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院生命与环境科学学院,水产高效健康生产湖南省协同创新中心,动物学湖南省高校重点实验室,常德415000 [2]长沙理工大学化学与生物工程学院,湖南省水生资源食品加工工程技术研究中心,长沙410004

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第5期2361-2368,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：湖南省科技重大专项(2017NK1031);湖南省教育厅创新平台开放基金(17K065);常德市科技创新发展指导性计划项目(2019ZD11);中央引导地方科技发展专项基金(2017CT5013);湖南省水生资源食品加工工程技术研究中心开放基金(L2016GCZX05);湖南文理学院大学生创新创业研究项目(ZC19034)。

摘　　要：为开发小龙虾(Procambarus clarkii)饲料资源,采用消化试验研究了小龙虾对8大类共计30种饲料的日摄食率和消化率,并采用稻田养殖模式生长试验研究了日摄食率和消化率均较高的土豆、红薯、黄豆、黑米、猪肝和草鱼肝对小龙虾的养殖效果。消化试验结果表明:小龙虾对不同种类饲料的日摄食率由高到低依次为动物类、配合饲料类、水果类、谷类、根茎瓜类、豆类、叶菜类、野草类;对不同种类饲料的消化率由高到低则依次为水果类、根茎瓜类、动物类、谷类、叶菜类、配合饲料类、豆类、野草类。结果表明:土豆组、红薯组和黄豆组小龙虾存活率均在90%以上,而猪肝组和草鱼肝组存活率则低于80%;土豆组小龙虾特定生长率最高,其次为黄豆组,且二者均显著高于红薯组、黑米组、猪肝组和草鱼肝组(P<0.05);黄豆组小龙虾含肉率最高(20.88%),草鱼肝组则最低(16.83%);小龙虾肌肉的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性均以黄豆组最高、猪肝组最低,且2组间差异显著(P<0.05)。黄豆组小龙虾肠道组织结构及肌纤维密度均较好,而草鱼肝组则均相对较差。黑米组小龙虾肌肉中盐溶性蛋白质含量最高(7.70%),黄豆组其次(6.08%)。综合来看,黄豆、土豆对小龙虾的养殖效果相对较好。In order to develop feed resources for crayfish(Procambarus clarkii),daily feeding rate and digest ibility of 30 kinds of feeds(8 categories)were studied by digestion trial,and the culture effects of potato,sweet potato,soybean,black rice,pork liver and grass fish liver on crayfish were studied by paddy field culti vation and growth trial.Results of digestion trial showed that the daily feeding rate of crayfish for different kinds of feeds from high to low were animal feed,compound feeds,fruits,grains,rhizome melons,beans,leafy vegetables and weeds,and the digestibility of crayfish for different kinds of feeds from high to low were fruits,rhizome melons,animals,grains,leafy vegetables,compound feeds,beans and weeds.Results from growth trial showed that the survival rate of crayfish fed potato,sweet potato or soybean was over 90%,while it was lower than 80%for crayfish fed pork liver or grass carp liver.The specific growth rate of crayfish fed potato was the highest and followed by soybean,both of them were significantly higher than those fed sweet potato,black rice,pork liver or grass carp liver(P<0.05).The muscle ratio of crayfish fed soybean was the highest(20.88%),but it was the lowest(16.83%)when crayfish fed grass carp liver;muscle hardness,vis cosity and chew ability of crayfish fed soybean and pork liver were the highest and the lowest,respectively,and significant difference was founded between them(P<0.05).The intestinal morphology and muscle fiber density of crayfish fed soybean were better,but those of crayfish fed grass carp liver were worse.The salt solu ble protein content(7.70%)in muscle of crayfish fed black rice was the highest,and followed by those fed soybean(6.08%).From the above,the culture effects of soybean and potato on crayfish are better than other feeds.

关 键 词：小龙虾 日摄食率 消化率 肌肉 盐溶性蛋白质 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]