弭灾与恤刑:明代司法监察的一个考察面相——以成化、弘治两朝为中心  

Disaster Relief and Mercy Punishment:A Study of Judicial Supervision in Ming Dynasty——Focusing on the Chenghua and Hongzhi Periods

作　　者：朱声敏[1] Zhu Shengmin(School of Business Administration,Guangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanning 530003,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西财经学院工商管理学院,广西南宁530003

出　　处：《学术探索》2020年第5期73-80,共8页Academic Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17XZS005)。

摘　　要：“天人感应”与“灾异论”思想在中国古代政治运行中发挥着重要作用。明代成化、弘治年间,灾异频仍,御史、给事中等监察官履行司法监察职责,借灾异上疏指陈时弊,或规劝皇帝减免个案的刑罚,或请求遣官会审、速审以避免淹禁,或奏请重申律令、调整律例以整顿司法乱象,确保司法公平公正。明代君臣为弭灾而积极恤刑,一定程度上促进了司法活动的公平公正,缓解了社会矛盾。灾异在明代司法监察、政治运行中的积极意义是值得肯定的。The thought of“the induction of Heaven and Man”and the theory of“Calamity Punishments by Nature”played an important role in the political operation of ancient China.During the reigns of Chenghua and Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty,disasters occurred frequently.The supervisors,like imperial censors and jishizhong,performed the duty of judicial supervision.They used the disasters as a means to point out the evils of the times,by which they could exhort the emperor to reduce or remit the punishment in individual cases,request the officials in the imperial court to conduct a trial or speed a trial to avoid long-term imprisonment,or appeal to the court to reiterate the laws and regulations and adjust them to rectify judicial chaos and ensure fair and equitable justice.The positive attitude of the emperors and officials in the Ming Dynasty toward natural disasters and their corresponding measures of mercy punishment,to a certain extent,promoted the fairness and justice of judicial activities and eased social conflicts.The influence of the theory of“Calamity Punishments by Nature”had exerted on the judicial supervision and political operation of the Ming Dynasty is worthy of recognition.

关 键 词：明代 灾异 恤刑 司法监察 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]