熔铸载体2,4-二硝基苯甲醚的热安全性研究  

Study on the Theremal Safety of the Melt-cast Carrier DNAN

作　　者：王红星[1] 罗一鸣[1] 高杰[1] 王晓峰[1] WANG Hongxing;LUO Yiming;GAO Jie;WANG Xiaofeng(Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Shaanxi Xi'an,710065)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《爆破器材》2020年第3期16-21,共6页Explosive Materials

基　　金：国家重大专项基金项目(00401020202)。

摘　　要：为全面了解2,4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN)的热安全性,通过分子结构分析和DSC对DNAN的理化特性进行研究;并采用自行设计的热感度试验装置和1L烤燃试验装置,分析炸药在220、230℃和240℃等不同温度下的烤燃响应情况,观察了炸药在大尺寸烤燃过程中的变化情况;采用公斤级低易损性试验验证了DNAN基熔铸炸药的安全性。结果表明,DNAN分子结构稳定,在365.1℃发生热分解反应,5 s爆发点为374.1℃,活化能为215.0 kJ/mol;DNAN的烤燃过程经历4个阶段,分别为固-液相变阶段、慢速分解阶段、快速分解阶段和喷发及点火阶段;DNAN炸药良好的热安全性使DNAN基熔铸炸药在热刺激作用下反应温和,为其在低易损炸药上的应用奠定了基础。In order to comprehensively study the thermal safety of DNAN, physical and chemical properties of DNAN were analyzed from molecular structure and DSC. Burning response of explosives at 220℃, 230 ℃ and 240 ℃ was analyzed by using a self-designed thermal sensitivity test device and a 1 L burning test device. The change of large-scale burning process of explosives was observed. The safety of DNAN-based melt-cast explosive was verified by low vulnerability test in lilogram scale. The results show that the molecular structure of DNAN is stable, the thermal decomposition reaction takes place at 365.1 ℃, and the burst point at 5 s is 374.1 ℃. The activation energy is 215.0 kJ/mol. Cook-off process of DNAN goes through four stages which are solid-liquid phase change stage, slow thermal decomposition stage, fast thermal decomposition stage and eruption-ignition stage. The good thermal safety of DNAN enables the reaction of DNAN-based melt-cast explosive steady under thermal stimulation, which lays a foundation for its application in low vulnerability explosive.

关 键 词：2 4-二硝基苯甲醚(DNAN) 分子结构 DSC 热感度 烤燃试验 1L烤燃 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]