最低工资政策、成本不完全传递与多产品加成率调整  

Minimum Wage Policy,Cost-incomplete Pass-through and Adjustment of Multi-product Markups

作　　者：许明 李逸飞 XU Ming;LI Yifei(Institute of Industrial Economics,CASS;Management World)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,100836 [2]管理世界杂志社,100026

出　　处：《经济研究》2020年第4期167-183,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“供给侧结构性改革下中国收入分配结构调整与资源配置效率改善研究”(16CJL014)的资助。

摘　　要：本文探究了最低工资政策的实施对多产品出口企业产品加成率的影响效应,尤其是:最低工资政策引致的成本不完全传递和多产品加成率差异化调整的作用机制。研究发现:(1)总体上,最低工资政策使多产品出口企业的产品加成率相比未受影响企业降低了1.24%—1.70%。(2)在策略上,最低工资政策促使企业将一部分成本通过价格传递给消费者以应对劳动力成本上升,提高了核心产品的价格、加成率和质量。(3)在福利上,最低工资政策提高了企业内部的资源配置效率,总体上改善了多产品出口企业的福利,在更大程度上实现了劳动者与企业的“双赢”。本文的发现弥补了相关文献忽视多产品企业的典型事实和企业面对政策冲击的内部资源配置行为,有助于重新审视最低工资政策对出口企业行为的影响,对培育国内市场、提升出口企业竞争新优势具有一定的理论和现实意义。Previous studies show that the implementation of a minimum wage policy not only compromises the performance of export enterprises but also inhibits their potential positive roles.However,these studies are generally based on studies of single-product enterprises that are regarded as“black boxes,”and they neglect the optimization of product allocation within multi-product enterprises under a minimum wage policy.Taking multi-product export enterprises as the research objects,this paper re-examines the implementation and improvement of a minimum wage policy and puts forward targeted policy recommendations on how to cultivate the domestic market and improve the performance of multi-product export enterprises.Based on a sample of matching data drawn from databases of Chinese industrial enterprises and Chinese customs database,this paper explores the effects of the implementation of a minimum wage policy on the product markups of multi-product export enterprises.It focuses on the mechanism of the cost-incomplete pass-through effects caused by the minimum wage policy and the differential adjustment of the product markups.The results are as follows.(1)In general,compared with enterprises in the control group,the minimum wage policy generally reduces the product markups of enterprises in the treatment group by 1.24%-1.70%.(2)Strategically,to offset the possible adverse effects of the minimum wage policy on product markups in the treatment group,enterprises can differentiate their products from their competitors and upgrade the quality of their products,so as to increase markups of their core products and improve the product quality.(3)In terms of welfare,the minimum wage policy improves the efficiency of resource allocation and the welfare of multi-product export enterprises,thus creating a win-win situation for workers and enterprises.Some policy insights can be drawn from the above conclusions.First,we need to appropriately control the growth rate of minimum wage standards and make differentiated adjustments in diffe

关 键 词：多产品企业 最低工资政策 产品加成率 成本不完全传递 资源配置 

分 类 号：F24[经济管理—劳动经济]