医疗机构中微生物气溶胶的特性与作用  

Characteristics and effects of microbial aerosols in healthcare settings

作　　者：倪晓平[1] 邢玉斌[2] 索继江[2,3] 姚宏武[2] 刘运喜[2] NI Xiao-ping;XING Yu-bin;SUO Ji-jiang;YAO Hong-wu;LIU Yun-xi(Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhejiang 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310021 [2]解放军总医院第一医学中心疾病预防控制科,北京100853 [3]解放军总医院海南医院疾病预防控制科,海南三亚572014

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2020年第8期1183-1190,共8页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：医疗机构中传染性病原体的传播方式包括,接触传播、飞沫传播和空气传播。大量研究表明,2019新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)以飞沫传播和接触传播为主。近日,国家卫生健康委员会相继发布《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案》的第六版和第七版,有关传播途径分别新增"在相对封闭的环境中长期暴露于高浓度气溶胶情况下存在经气溶胶传播的可能。"以及"由于在粪便及尿中可分离到新型冠状病毒,应注意粪便及尿对环境污染造成气溶胶或接触传播"。为此,本文就医疗机构传染性病原体传播途径,空气传播的3种分类方法,特别是气溶胶的定义、产生、生存、传播、作用以及控制等方面进行文献综述。Transmission patterns of infectious pathogens in healthcare settings include contact transmission, droplet transmission and airborne transmission. A large number of studies indicated that the droplet transmission and contact transmission were the major transmission patterns of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19). Recently, the routes of transmission regarding ’aerosol transmission is possible under the condition of long exposure to high concentrations of aerosols in a relatively closed environment’ and ’because SARS-CoV-2 can be isolated in faeces and urine, attention should be paid to aerosol or contact transmission caused by fecal and urine pollution to the environment’ were added to the ’Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19’(Trial Edition 6 and 7) released by National Health Commission. The transmission routes of infectious pathogens in healthcare settings, 3 classification methods of airborne transmission, especially the definition, generation, survival, transmission, function and control of aerosols, were reviewed.

关 键 词：2019冠状病毒病 飞沫传播 空气传播 气溶胶 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]