“无远弗届”:罗马帝国早期疆域观的变迁  

Imperium Sine Fine:The Transition of Territorial Concept in the Early Roman Empire

作　　者：王忠孝 Wang Zhongxiao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《历史研究》2020年第2期110-126,M0006,共18页Historical Research

摘　　要：罗马人大规模的领土征服从共和国中期一直持续到公元1世纪初。奥古斯都时代,罗马知识精英头脑中的世界观念以其高度的包容性和无边界性为主要特征。尽管“边界”一词在不同史料中拥有多个定义,但罗马帝国早期缺乏清晰、固定的实体边界背后,呈现出的是“无远弗届”的疆域观念。这种模糊的边界观反映了罗马霸权形成过程中,权力与领土之间相对松散的关系。从公元1世纪晚期到2世纪中叶,罗马世界变得愈加整合,帝国的疆域轮廓也更加鲜明,这种变化呈现在同时代罗马作家的作品中。不过,维吉尔笔下“无远弗届”的世界观依然有较强的生命力,至少持续到公元3—4世纪。The massive Roman territorial expansion lasted for over centuries from the mid-Republican era to the early first century AD.During the reign of Augustus,the notion of the world for Roman intellectual elites was characterized by its inclusiveness and boundlessness.Despite the multiple meanings of the term“boundary”in Roman sources,the Roman Empire in the early period lacked clear and fi xed physical borders,which is well conveyed by Virgil’s famous claim“the empire without the limit”.This fact reflects the relatively loose relationship between power and territory in the rise of Roman hegemony.From the late first century to the mid second century,the Roman frontier witnessed a remarkable development.The empire became more cohesive,and the contours of its territory became increasingly legible.These changes in turn were refl ected in the works of contemporary Roman writers.However,the Virgilian notion of“the empire without the limit”still remained robust at least until the third to fourth century AD.

关 键 词：罗马帝国 对外扩张 边疆 蛮族 霸权 

分 类 号：K12[历史地理—历史学]