施钙对间作遮荫条件下花生生育后期光合特性、糖代谢及产量的影响  

Effects of calcium application on photosynthetic characteristics, sugar metabolism in late growth stage and yield of peanut under inter-cropping and shading

作　　者：林松明 孟维伟[2] 南镇武 徐杰[2] 张正[2,3] 李林 郭峰[2] 李新国[2] 万书波[1,2] LIN Song-ming;MENG Wei-wei;NAN Zhen-wu;XU Jie;ZHANG Zheng;LI Lin;GUO Feng;LI Xin-guo;WAN Shu-bo(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province,Ji⁃nan 250100,China;College of Life Science,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]山东省农业科学院/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]山东师范大学生命科学学院,山东济南250000

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2020年第2期277-284,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ011);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201000);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2016B03);山东省重点研发计划(2017GNC13107)。

摘　　要：于2016-2017年以花育25号为材料,在花生单作和间作条件下,设置施钙和不施钙处理,研究钙肥对单作花生、间作中间行和间作边行花生的植株性状、功能叶生育后期光合特性、糖代谢酶活性及产量的影响。结果表明,施用钙肥降低了花生主茎高和侧枝长,增加了花生分枝数、主茎节数,提高了叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、蔗糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性;单作和间作花生荚果产量平均增产397.2 kg/hm^2,平均增产率19.9%。相同施钙水平下,越靠近玉米行的间作边行花生受遮荫影响越大,其主茎高、侧枝长较大,蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性等生理指标低于单作花生。与单作不施钙比较,施钙显著增加了间作花生叶绿素含量,使其光合特性、蔗糖含量、SS、SPS酶活性无显著降低,降低了间作花生的减产幅度。本试验条件下,每公顷施用钙肥300kg可部分缓解间作遮荫对花生的不利影响。In 2016-2017, Huayu 25 was used as the material, which were treated by applying calcium and no calcium fertilizer, to study the effects of calcium fertilizer on the plant characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, sugar metabolizing enzyme activity and yield of single-cropping, inter-cropping middle and side row peanut.The results showed that, application of calcium fertilizer reduced the height of main stem and the length of lateral branches, increased the number of branches and nodes of main stem, increased the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, sucrose content and sucrose metabolism related enzyme activity of leaves.The average yield of peanut pod increased 397.2 kg/hm2, a 19.9% yeild growth in mono-cultural and inter-cropping. Under the same calcium application level, the closer to corn rows, the greater the effect of peanut shading. The effect included that the main stem height and lateral branch length were larger, and the activities of sucrose synthase(SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) were lower than those of peanut under single cropping condition. Compared with single cropping without calcium application, the calcium application significantly increased the chlorophyll content of inter-cropping peanuts, but the photosynthetic characteristics, sucrose content, SS and SPS enzyme activities did not decrease significantly, which alleviated the yield reduction of inter-cropping peanuts.The resalts of this experiment indicated that the spatting of 300 kg of calcium fertilizer per hectare could partially alleviate the adverse effects of inter-cropping on peanut.

关 键 词：花生 间作遮荫 钙肥 糖代谢 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]