山西省黄土崩塌影响因素及时空分布特征  

Influencing Factors and Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Loess Collapse in Shanxi Province

作　　者：毛佳睿 武雄[1] MAO Jia-rui;WU Xiong(School of Water Resources&Environment,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2020年第10期3799-3807,共9页Science Technology and Engineering

摘　　要：黄土是干旱半干旱地区由风力搬运堆积的一种弱胶结、非饱和、多孔隙的第四系沉积物。中国黄土覆盖面积广,厚度大,位居世界之冠。然而,黄土地区地质环境脆弱,地质灾害频发。位于黄河中游东部、华北平原西部的山西省,是典型的黄土广泛覆盖的山地高原,地形高度变化大,地质构造条件复杂。因此,探究该地区黄土崩塌影响因素进而揭示其时空分布特征,对研究黄土地区地质灾害的形成机制以及预防有重要的科学意义。收集整理了山西省194处黄土崩塌的数据资料,并对这些资料统计分析。结果表明,黄土崩塌易发育于直线型坡和凸型坡、坡向为180°~270°的向阳坡、坡高为5~40 m的斜坡,以及坡度大于60°的斜坡。黄土崩塌的发育呈现一定的时间规律性:多发生在雨季(7~8月)以及冻融季(3~4月);多发生在晚上9点至次日凌晨4点;人类工程活动越强烈的地区,黄土崩塌越是易发,越是集中。Loess is a weakly cemented,unsaturated,and porous Quaternary deposits transported and accumulated by wind in arid and semi-arid regions.In China,loess covers a wide area with a large thickness,ranking first in the world.However,the geological environment of loess area is fragile,and geological disasters occur frequently.Shanxi Province,located in the east of the middle reaches of the Huanghe(Yellow)River and the west of the North China Plain,is a typical mountainous plateau widely covered with loess,with great variations in terrain height and complex geological structural conditions.Therefore,it is of great scientific significance to study the formation mechanism and prevention of geological disasters in loess area to explore the influencing factors of loess collapse and reveal its spatial and temporal distribution patterns.The data of 194 loess collapses in Shanxi Province were collected and analyzed.Results show that loess collapse was easy to develop in the following areas:straight and convex slopes,sunny slopes with a slope direction of 180°~270°,slopes with a slope height of 5~40 m,and slopes with a slope of more than 60°.The disasters of loess collapse showed a certain time regularity.Yearly,Most of them occurred in rainy season(July to August)and freeze-thaw season(March to April),and daily,concentrated from 9:00 p.m.to 4:00 a.m.At last,the more intense human engineering activities are,the more likely and concentrated loess collapse could occur.

关 键 词：黄土 崩塌 影响因素 分布特征 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]