不同覆盖方式对盐碱地花生生长发育和土壤水盐变化的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Growth and Development of Peanut in Saline-Alkali Soil and Changes of Soil Water and Salt

作　　者：南镇武 孟维伟[1] 刘柱 林松明 王旭清[1] 徐杰[1] 刘灵艳 张正[1,2] 万书波 NAN Zhen-wu;MENG Wei-wei;LIU Zhu;LIN Song-ming;WANG Xu-qing;XU Jie;LIU Ling-yan;ZHANG Zheng;WAN Shu-bo(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Lab.of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong,Jinan 250100,China;College of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250000,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东师范大学生命科学学院,山东济南250000 [3]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《花生学报》2020年第1期41-46,共6页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2017CXGC0307);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2018E01);山东省科技发展计划项目(2014GNC111010)。

摘　　要：利用前茬小麦秸秆设置半覆盖(播种行覆盖,T1)、全覆盖(T2)及无覆盖(对照,T0)平播花生3个处理,研究不同覆盖方式对盐碱地花生生长发育及土壤水盐变化的影响。结果表明,T1和T2花生出苗率较T0分别提高22.8%和29.3%;播种54 d后,T1和T2使盐碱地花生叶面积指数较T0显著增加20.9%~43.1%;T1和T2土壤温度随花生生育期呈先升后降趋势,土壤相对含水量和电导率则呈"W"型下降趋势,且花生生育后期T2土壤返盐程度较T0和T1分别降低33.8%和63.7%。可见,盐碱地花生播种后覆盖前茬小麦秸秆有利于提高花生出苗率,提高叶面积指数,达到控碱抑盐、保苗增效的目的,且全覆盖优于播种行覆盖。In order to study the growth and development of peanut and the change of soil water,soil salt and soil temperature in saline and alkaline land under different mulching conditions,three treatments,namely,semi-mulching(seeding line mulching,T1),full mulching(T2),and no mulc-hing(CK,T0)were set up with wheat straw from the previous crop.The results showed that,com-pared with T0,the seedling emergence rate of T1 and T2 increased by 22.8%and 29.3%,respective-ly,while the leaf area index of T1 and T2 significantly increased by 20.9%~43.1%in comparison with T0 on the 54 th day after sowing,and within the growth period of peanut,the soil temperature of T1 and T2 showed a trend of first rising and then falling,the relative water content and conductivity of soil decreased in a’W’pattern.In addition,at the late stage of peanut growth,the degree of retur-ning salt in T2 soil was 33.8%and 63.7%lower than that in T0 and T1,respectively.Therefore,in saline-alkali soil,covering wheat straw before peanut sowing can improve peanut seedling emergence rate,promote growth and development,improve leaf area index,increase crop coverage,and achieve the purpose of alkali and salt control,and the full mulching is recommended as a more suitable treatment than seeding line mulching.

关 键 词：盐碱地 花生 秸秆覆盖 生长发育 土壤水盐 

分 类 号：S565.206.1[农业科学—作物学] S343.4