马歇尔计划声援委员会对马歇尔计划的历史贡献  

The Historical Contribution of the CMP to the Marshall Plan

作　　者：王新谦[1] Wang Xinqian(Institute of International Studies,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学国际问题研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期118-124,共7页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“寻找真实的马歇尔计划”(18FSS010)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：非政府组织积极参与推进美国重大外交政策的实施是战后美国外交的一大特色。在冷战初期,由于美国国内政治的诸多不确定性,美国国务院最初推进马歇尔计划的努力收效并不大。当此时刻,"马歇尔计划声援委员会"便应运而生。该委员会是一个专门为马歇尔计划宣传造势而形成的院外活动集团,其成员来自美国社会各阶层名流和马歇尔的坚定支持者,他们结成了一个临时的利益同盟。该组织授意于政府,与美国国务院和各民意团体通力协作,利用游说、媒体宣传、请愿、在国会作证和其他商业运作策略来为马歇尔计划造势,最终影响了美国民意,确保了马歇尔计划在美国国会的顺利通过。One character of the postwar American diplomacy is NGO’s positive engagement in promoting the carrying-out of great American foreign policies.In early Cold-War period,due to many uncertainties of U.S.domestic politics,the U.S.Department of State’s effort in promoting the Marshall Plan did not get what it wished,and the CMP was timely born.The CMP was designed to be a lobby to propaganda the Marshall Plan at home,and the members of the Committee came from eminent people and supporters of the Marshall Plan from different levels of society,and they formed a temporary interest group.The Committee was inspired by government and made concerted efforts with the U.S.Department of State and different public opinion groups by lobbying,media,appeals,being present as witnesses in Congress and other commercial operation strategies to create atmosphere for the Marshall Plan,and ultimately influenced American public opinion and secured the smooth adoption of the Marshall Plan by Congress.

关 键 词：马歇尔计划声援委员会 马歇尔计划 民意 美国国务院 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]