外空安全面临的新挑战及其国际法律规制  

The New Challenges to Space Security and Its Legal Regime

作　　者：李寿平[1] Li Shouping(School of Law,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期52-62,共11页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学规划基金项目“外空自然资源开采国际机制的构建与中国的对策”(17BFX157).

摘　　要：随着外空技术和外空活动的发展,人类军事化利用外空的活动、空间碎片以及低轨小卫星星座建设,是当前威胁外空安全的主要因素.现行国际法确立了规范和限制外空军事化利用和空间碎片减缓的国际规则,但并不足以防止外空军备竞赛,不足以解决日益剧增的空间碎片威胁,且没有规范低轨小卫星星座建设的专门法律制度.国际社会虽然一直在为构建外空安全法律规制而努力,但进展并不明显.为确保外空安全,国际社会应构建一个包括空间碎片减缓和主动移除、空间信息共享和信息通报、禁止在外空部署武器和禁止对空间物体使用或威胁使用武力、遏制低轨小卫星星座无序抢占频率和轨位资源等在内的国际法律体系.With the development of space technology and space activities,military use of outer space by mankind and space debris and construction of microsatellites constellations are the main threats to space security.The existing international law established the legal regime on limitation to military use of outer space and space debris mitigation.But it hasn’t provided direct regulations on active removal of space debris,construction of microsatellites constellations and sharing of information on space activities.The existing international law is not enough for prevention arms race in outer space.International community has been working hard to establish a legal regime on space security under the UN general assembly and Geneva Conference on Disarmament,but they haven’t made progress.In order to safeguard space security,international community shall establish a series of legal regimes on mitigation and active removal of space debris,sharing and informing of space information,prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space and threats and use of force against space objects,prevention of deforcing orbit and frequency in the construction of microsatellite constellation.

关 键 词：外空安全 空间碎片 外空武器化 外空军备竞赛 小卫星星座 

分 类 号：D999.1[政治法律—国际法学]