生物炭对茶园酸性红壤氮素养分淋溶的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Soil Nitrogen Leaching in Acid Red Loam of Tea Garden

作　　者：刘岑薇 叶菁[1] 李艳春[1] 林怡[1] 王义祥[1] LIU Cenwei;YE Jing;LI Yanchun;LIN Yi;WANG Yixiang(Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process in Red Soil Hilly Region,Institute of Agricultural Ecology,Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所,福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福州350003

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2020年第5期181-186,共6页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省省属公益类科研院所专项(2019R1021-2);福建省自然科学基金项目(2017J01072)。

摘　　要：福建省山地茶园水土流失严重,高坡度开垦茶园会造成土壤养分淋失,引起土壤酸化。为研究生物炭对茶园酸性土壤氮素养分淋溶的影响,采用室内土柱模拟试验,设置对照CK(C0N0)、单施常规量氮肥(C0N1)、单施两倍量氮肥(C0N2)、常规施氮肥增施2%生物炭(C1N1)、常规施氮肥增施5%生物炭(C2N1)5个处理,研究不同生物炭和氮肥添加处理下茶园酸性土壤氮素养分淋溶变化和规律。结果表明,常规施肥条件下,随着生物炭添加量增大,淋滤液体积显著降低,全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮的淋失量显著降低。添加生物炭处理土柱中NO3^--N和NH4^+-N的淋溶开始时间均晚于未添加生物炭处理土柱,且NO3^--N的浓度峰值较NH4^+-N的出现早。与C0N1相比,生物炭施用处理(C1N1和C2N1)显著提高了土壤pH,NO3^--N的淋溶量分别降低了60%和77%,NH4^+-N的淋溶量分别降低了40%和39%。就不同氮素形态而言,C1N1和C2N1处理中均先检测到NO3^--N,说明生物炭对NH4^+-N的固持能力大于NO3^--N。研究表明在茶园酸性红壤中添加生物炭可减缓氮素损失,提高土壤养分含量,结果为茶园酸性红壤的土壤改良提供理论依据和参考意义。Soil erosion in mountain tea garden becomes serious in Fujian Province, and cultivation at high slope of tea garden causes fertilizer nutrient loss, as well as soil acidification. To find out the impacts of biochar on the changes of soil nutrient leaching of acid red loam soil of tea garden, this study estimated the losses of nutrient in the laboratory by leaching soil column simulation, 5 treatments were set up, including CK(C0N0), 2% biochar with convention fertilizer(C1N1), 5% biochar with convention fertilizer(C2N1), double the amount of fertilizer without biochar(C0N2), regular fertilizing with 2% biochar(C1N1) and regular fertilizing with 5% biochar(C2N1). The results showed that, under conventional fertilization, the volume of leachate decreased significantly with the increase of biochar applied, in addition, TN, NO3^--N and NH4^+-N significantly decreased. The leaching time showed that, the treatments with 2% and 5% biochar detected NO3--N and NH4+-N later than the treatments without biochar, moreover, the peak of NO3^--N concentrations appeared earlier than NH4^+-N. Compared to the treatment with conventional fertilization but without biochar(C0N1), using biochar(C1N1 and C2N1) significantly increased soil pH and NO3^--N concentration reduced by 60% and 77%, respectively, NH4^+-N concentration reduced by 40% and 39%, respectively. In terms of different nitrogen forms, C1N1和C2N1 detected NO3^--N was earlier than NH4^+-N, which indicated the holding capacity of biochar to NH4^+-N was better than that of NO3^--N. In conclusion, adding biochar to acid red soil for reducing nitrogen loss and improving soil nutrient content would be significance. These results provided the basis for soil improvement of acid red loam soil in tea garden.

关 键 词：生物炭 酸性红壤 茶园 土壤养分 硝态氮 铵态氮 全氮 

分 类 号：S157.3[农业科学—土壤学]