高空抛物危及公共安全的司法认定规则——兼评《最高人民法院关于依法妥善审理高空抛物、坠物案件的意见》  

The Judicial Determination Rules of Endangering Public Safety by Throwing Objects from Height:Comment of Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Legally and Properly Hearing Cases concerning Objects Thrown or Falling from Heights

作　　者：曹波 文小丽 CAO Bo;WEN Xiaoli(College of Law, Guzhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期94-103,共10页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：高空抛物行为给社会安宁和安全带来的社会危害性日渐凸显,民事制裁难以有效遏制此种行为,将其纳入刑法规制范围具有内在正当性。然而,司法实践将高空抛物致人损伤普遍评价为以危险方法危害公共安全罪存在误解,刑法中“公共安全”、“危险方法”实质意涵之嫌,进一步加剧该罪的“口袋性”特征。与高空坠物不同,高空抛物者的主观罪过形式多表现为概括故意。在儿童高空抛物致人损伤的场合,对其监护人应当根据对事态发生的支配程度,分别论以间接正犯或过失犯罪(监督过失)。对高空抛物进行精准、精确地刑法规制,正确认定行为侵犯的法益,正确评价行为触犯的罪名,保证司法的公平正义,是新时代贯彻罪刑法定原则的题中之义。The behavior of throwing objects from height has brought more and more harm to social peace and security.It is difficult for civil sanctions to effectively curb such behavior.It is of intrinsic legitimacy to include it in the scope of criminal law regulation.However,in judicial practice,the general injuries caused by throwing objects from high altitude evaluated as the crime of endangering public security by dangerous methods indicates the misunderstanding of the substantive meaning of“public security”and“dangerous methods”in the criminal law,which further aggravates the“pocket”feature of the crime.Different from falling objects from height,the subjective fault form of throwing objects from high altitude is mainly manifested as general intention.In the case of children throwing objects from high altitude and causing injuries to people,their guardians should be considered as indirect principal offender or negligent crime(supervision negligence)respectively according to the degree of control over the situation.In the new era,the meaning of implementing the legal principle of crime and punishment lies in to conclude accurate and precise criminal regulations against the act of throwing objects from height,to correctly identify the legal interest it infringes,infringement,to evaluate the its title of crime of act violation so as to ensure the justice and fairness of judiciary.

关 键 词：高空抛物 危及公共安全 其他危险方法 概括故意 监护责任 

分 类 号：DF622[政治法律—刑法学]