从清水江文书论农村家庭经济及其经营——以乾隆至民国上德明村杨家大院为对象  

Discussion on Rural Family Economy and Its Management from Qingshuijiang Document:the Case Study of the YANG Courtyard of Shangdeming Village in the the Era from Qianlong Period to the Republic of China

作　　者：杨军昌 敖靖[1] 林芊 YANG Junchang;AO Jing;LIN Qian(College of History and Ethnic Culture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, 550025;Research Center of Population & Society & Law and Order, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学历史与民族文化学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学人口·社会·法制研究中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期128-140,共13页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“西南少数民族传统生态文化的文献采辑、研究与利用”(16ZDA156)。

摘　　要：贵州三穗县上德明村杨家大院遗存的340余件乾隆以来各种契约文书,提供了再现与分析清水江流域农村家庭经济及经营活动的基本素材,尤其是杨家大院成员由卫所屯军的后代构成,这是以往研究中极少关注的群体,因而其家庭经济过程对于侗族、苗族居住地的区域经济史研究有特别价值。通过对文书的解析可知,杨家大院不同时期的各个家庭经济,主要表现为对田产的不断购进与经营的活动。同时看到,各家庭在家庭经济致富过程中,也致力于经营家庭的社会形象,即通过投资学堂、修路建桥、培植人文景观等公益事业等扩大的家庭经济活动,提高其家族群体的社会地位,该家族各家庭从乾隆到民国的160多年间,由屯军户向在乡地主、再向乡绅身份角色转换的历史过程活态地展示于文书的记述中。There are more than 340 contract documents reserved since Qianlong Period in Qing Dynasty from the Yang Family Courtyard in Shangdeming Village,Sansui County,Guizhou,which provide basic materials for reproducing and analyzing the economic and business activities of rural families in Qingshuijiang Area,especially the fact that the members of the Yang Family Courtyard were the descendants of the Weisuotunjun,a group that had rarely been paid attention to in previous studies,and therefore,the family economic process has provided special value for the study of the regional economic history of the residential areas of Dong and Miao nationalities.Through the analysis of the documents,we can see that the family economy of Yang Family Courtyard in different periods when the continuous purchase of farmland was the main business activity of their family economy;At the same time,each family is also committed to the social image of family while pursuing the prosperity in economy,by investing in schools,roads and bridges construction,cultivating humanitic landscape and other public welfare undertakings,to expand the family economic activities,improve the social status of the family groups.The historical process of the evolution of households in this family,from the Qianlong era in Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,up to more than 160 years,from local military family to to the landlord,and to the squire identities,had been presented and recorded in the documents vividly.

关 键 词：清水江文书 家庭经济 社会身份 历史过程 三穗县上德明村 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]