商业视角下北极东北航道问题研究  

Research on the Northeast Waterway of the Arctic from the Commercial Perspective

作　　者：封安全[1] Feng Anquan

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省社会科学院俄罗斯研究所

出　　处：《西伯利亚研究》2020年第1期5-15,115,共12页Siberian Studies

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目(15BGJ029)。

摘　　要：随着全球变暖,北冰洋面积逐渐减小,冰层厚度不断变薄,夏季浮冰面积和厚度大幅减小。本世纪初由于燃油价格上涨及东亚国家对自然资源需求增加,北极航道引起了世界的关注,北极航道的商业价值也日益凸显。与苏伊士运河航线相比,北极航道不仅将欧洲和东亚之间的航运距离缩短了20%~40%、航行时间缩减了5~15天,压缩了运输成本,而且降低了途经马六甲海峡、索马里海域等敏感区域遭遇海盗的风险。北极航道常态开通将极大改变全球海上航运格局。从商业视角对北极东北航道航运的现状进行总结,对沿线货船的实际适航性进行探讨,并根据目前我国货轮在东北航道通行的特点,分析多用途散货轮在北极东北航道的运行成本及发展趋势,具有重要的理论和现实意义。With global warming,the area of the Arctic Ocean has gradually decreased,the thickness of the ice layer keeps thinning.What’s more,the area and thickness of ice floes in summer are greatly reduced.At the beginning of this century,due to rising fuel prices and increased demand for natural resources in East Asian countries,the Arctic Waterway has attracted worldwide attention and its commercial value has become increasingly prominent.Compared with the Suez Canal route,the Arctic Waterway not only shortens the shipping distance between Europe and East Asia by 20%to 40%,shortens the navigation time by 5 to15 days,compresses transportation costs,but also reduced the risk of encountering pirates through sensitive areas such as the Straits of Malacca and Somali waters.The normal opening of the Arctic Waterway will greatly change the global maritime shipping pattern.The paper summarizes the current status of shipping in the Northeast Waterway of the Arctic from the commercial perspective,discusses the actual seaworthiness of the cargo ships along the route,and analyzes the operating costs and the development trend of multi-purpose bulk carriers in the Northeast Waterway of the Arctic based on the current characteristics of China’s cargo ships in the Northeast Waterway,which has important theoretical and practical significance.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 北极 东北航道 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F551