通用三维GIS场数据模型研究与实践  

Research and Practice on General 3D Field Data Model in GIS

作　　者：宋关福[1,2,3] 钟耳顺 周芹[1,2] 冯振华[1,2] SONG Guanfu;ZHONG Ershun;ZHOU Qin;FENG Zhenhua(SuperMap Software Company Limited,Beijing 100015,China;GIS Technology Innovation Center of Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100015,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]北京超图软件股份有限公司,北京100015 [2]自然资源部地理信息系统技术创新中心,北京100015 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《测绘地理信息》2020年第2期1-7,共7页Journal of Geomatics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFB2100700)。

摘　　要：随着三维地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)应用的发展,空中电磁信号场、空气与水体污染场、地下地质属性场等连续、非匀质的三维空间属性场数据进行建模、可视化与分析计算对GIS基础软件提出了新的挑战。已被广泛应用的TIN(triangulated irregular network)与栅格数据属于表面模型,通常用来表达二维场数据,其中由TIN组成的封闭表面可用于表达三维体,但两者都无法描述非匀质、连续变化的三维属性场。探讨了在通用GIS基础软件中基于TIN和Grid进行升维表达,实现不规则四面体网格(tetrahedralized irregular mesh,TIM)和体元栅格(voxel grid)两大类三维空间场数据模型,分析了两类数据模型的特点,探讨了三维场数据在可视化和分析计算方面的关键技术,实现了基于TIM与体元栅格表达和应用三维GIS场数据,完善了GIS三维数据模型体系,实现了空/天、地表、地下全空间的一体化表达、模拟与分析计算。With the development of 3D GIS applications,modeling,visualization and spatial analysis and calculation of continuous and heterogeneous 3Dspatial attribute field data such as air electromagnetic signal field,air and water pollution field,and underground geological attribute field are put forward to GIS software new challenge.The widely used TIN(triangulated irregular network)and raster data model belong to the surface model and are usually used to express two-dimensional field data.Among them,the closed surface composed of TIN can be used to express three-dimensional volume,but neither can describe the non-homogeneous,continuously changing three-dimensional attribute field data.This paper discusses the dimensionality improvement expression based on TIN and Grid in general GIS software to realize two types of three-dimensional field data models of tetrahedralized irregular mesh(TIM)and voxel grid.The characteristics of these two kinds of data models are analyzed,and the key technologies of visualization,spatial analysis and calculation are discussed,and the expression and application of 3DGIS field data based on TIM and voxel grid are realized.With TIM and voxel grid,the GIS three-dimensional data model system is improved,and integrated expression,simulation,and spatial analysis and calculation of air/sky,ground surface,and underground space are realized.

关 键 词：三维地理信息系统 空间数据模型 三维场 属性场 不规则四面体网格 体元栅格 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]