新型冠状病毒动物实验存在暴露风险时的实验室生物安全要求  

Laboratory biosafety requirements for exposure risk in animal experiments related to SARS-CoV-2

作　　者：陆兵 王荣[2] 吴东来[3] 赵四清 胡云章[5] 翟培军[2] 周永运[2] 王中一 靳晓军 李京京 程洪亮 祁建城 吕京[2] LU Bing;WANG Rong;WU Dong-lai;ZHAO Si-qing;HU Yun-zhang;ZHAI Pei-jun;ZHOU Yong-yun;WANG Zhong-yi;JIN Xiao-jun;LI Jing-jing;CHENG Hong-liang;QI Jian-cheng;LYU Jing(Institute of Biotechnology,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Science of Chinese PLA,Beijing 100071,China;China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment,Beijing 100062,China;Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150001,China;Division of Biological Safety Service,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Science of Chinese PLA,Beijing 100850,China;Institute of Medical Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Kunming 650118,China;Institute of Medical Support Technology,Academy of System Engineering,Academy of Military Scienceof Chinese PLA,National Bio-Protection Engineering Center,Tianjin 300161,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院军事医学研究院生物工程研究所,北京100071 [2]中国合格评定国家认可中心,北京100062 [3]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所,哈尔滨150001 [4]军事科学院军事医学研究院生物安全处,北京100850 [5]中国医学科学院(北京协和医学院)医学生物学研究所,昆明650118 [6]军事科学院系统工程研究院卫勤保障技术研究所,国家生物防护装备工程技术研究中心,天津300161

出　　处：《医疗卫生装备》2020年第5期70-74,共5页Chinese Medical Equipment Journal

摘　　要：解读了GB 19489-2008《实验室生物安全通用要求》标准中关于生物安全实验室的分级和分类,阐明了缓冲间和气锁的定义,重点分析了4.4.3类型实验室关于准入和退出,气压、压差和气密性及送排风高效空气过滤器等技术性条款。指出了4.4.3类型实验室开展不传染人的非洲猪瘟病毒实验活动和可传染人的新型冠状病毒实验活动时关于个体防护用品选择及其处置中存在的问题,以及风险评估应重点考虑的要素,建议组织国家病原微生物实验室生物安全专家委员会对新型冠状病毒进行论证,明确新型冠状病毒动物实验存在暴露风险时的实验室生物安全要求。The grading and classification of the biosafety laboratory were described according to GB 19849-2008 Laboratories-General requirements for biosafety.The concepts of the buffer room and air lock were expounded,and the technical terms of type 4.4.3 laboratory were analyzed mainly on admission,withdrawal,air pressure,differential pressure,air tightness,HEPA filters in the air supply and exhaust systems and etc.Some issues during the experiments over African swine fever virus non-infectious to human beings and infectious SARS-CoV-2 were proposed,including selection and disposal of individual protective products as well as risk assessment considerations.It's suggested National Experts Committee on Biosafety in Laboratories Dealing with Highly Infected Pathogenic Microorganisms execute demonstration over SARS-CoV-2 so as to clarify the laboratory biosafety requirements for SARS-CoV-2 animal experiment in case of exposure risk.

关 键 词：实验室生物安全 新型冠状病毒 动物实验 风险评估 新型冠状病毒肺炎 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]