心智障碍者监护理论争议与发展方向——以《残疾人权利公约》第12条为视角  

The Theoretical Disputes and Development Direction of Guardianship for Mentally Disabled Persons

作　　者：王竹青[1] Wang Zhuqing

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学文法学院,北京100083

出　　处：《法学杂志》2020年第5期52-60,共9页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：中国残联所属中国精神残疾人及亲友协会“《中华人民共和国民法典》成年人监护制度完善方案研究”课题的研究成果。

摘　　要：心智障碍者即是成年人监护制度的主要适用对像,也是《联合国残疾人权利公约》第12条的调整对象。《公约》第12条倡导的尊重心智障碍者人权和自由的观点受到国际社会的普遍认可与尊重,但《公约》第1号《一般性意见》对《公约》第12条的解释确属脱离实际,导致我国国内对成年人监护的争论此起彼伏,无行为能力制度是否有存在的必要、监护是否应与行为能力相脱离、是否应以支持决策全面取代监护是各方争议的核心问题。在厘清争议的前提下,未来应通过司法解释对《民法总则》的相关内容做出细化规定。Mental retardation is the main application of adult guardianship system,and also the object of adjustment of Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities(CRPD).Article 12 has been advocated respecting the rights and freedom of the disabled persons which attracted the general supports and recognition globally.However,The General Comment 1 has been issued by CRPD Committee,which interpretations on Article 12 were not functional well in the real world.It also stimulated hot debates on guardianship reform in China.The key controversial questions are:its necessary or not on the existence of no-capacity of civil conduct regime,should be disconnected between guardianship and capacity of civil conduct,should supported decision-making replace the guardianship fully etc.In the future,the relevant contents of the general principles of civil law should be specified through judicial interpretation under the premise of clarifying the disputes.

关 键 词：心智障碍者 监护 理论争议 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学] D923[政治法律—法学]