新《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》若干问题评析  

Comment on Several Issues about the New Rules of Criminal Procedure of the People’s Procuratorate

作　　者：龙宗智[1] Long Zongzhi

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《法学杂志》2020年第5期99-110,共12页Law Science Magazine

摘　　要：此次人民检察院刑事诉讼规则修改能够遵循立法精神,体现了司法改革成果,回应了实践需求。新规则恢复了业务机构负责人的个案审核与监督管理权,虽有积极意义,但亦可能冲击司法责任制。执行时应注意司法责任制改革要求,保持谨慎与谦抑,同时应修改与细化相关规定,限制业务审核管理权限。对侦查(调查)中的职能管辖错位,规则要求以事实、证据状况作为是否退回移管的标准,还要求征求意见以确定案件处置,同时体现出程序不平等。相关规定欠妥,应以是否故意违法,即"善意管辖"和"恶意管辖"作为直接起诉或退回移管的基本标准。对二审检察机关审查一审检察机关的抗诉意见,规则允许变更、补充。这种抗诉理由的改变不包括抗诉请求及抗诉对象的变更。为维护审级制度和法律救济原则,不得在法律适用上超出公诉范围对被抗诉人作不利变更,但就事实证据问题,因可发回重审,可提出与公诉不同的抗诉理由。但应注意抗诉理由表达方式,同时可以斟酌设置"显而易见、无争辩余地"的量刑情节例外。The latest amendment of the Rules of Criminal Procedure abides by the principles in legislation,reflects the fruits of judicial reform and responds to practical needs.The new rules have restored the power of persons-in-charge in judicial departments to check and supervise individual cases.Such power should be exercised with consideration of accountability requirements and should thus be done cautiously.Meanwhile,certain rules should be further refined to limit the power of check and supervision.To rectify the misplacement of functional jurisdiction in police(Supervisory Commission)investigation,the rules require that the return of referral cases should be based on merits and evidence,and consultation should be made on the disposition of such cases.These rules are defective because they cause procedural inequity.The decision on direct prosecution or return of referral cases should be based on whether there’s an intentional violation of law,i.e.,whether the referral is due to good faith or bad faith.The rules allow prosecutorial organs at second instance to examine the counter-appeal opinions of first instance prosecutorial organs.The rules allow second instance prosecutorial organs to change and supplement such opinions,not including the change of claims and objects of counter-appeal.To maintain the principles of judicial remedy and level of jurisdiction,changes of opinions in the application of law which are unfavorable to the defendant shall not be made beyond the range of prosecution.However,counter-appeal can present different opinions on facts and evidence from the original prosecution,as such cases can be remanded.Meanwhile,claims of counter-appeal should be expressed in a proper way and exceptions such as"plain and irrefutable"sentencing circumstances can be established.

关 键 词：人民检察院 刑事诉讼规则 司法责任制 管辖错位 抗诉变更 

分 类 号：D926.3[政治法律—法学] D925.2