黑洞的前世今缘  

PREVIOUS AND PRESENT LIFE OF THE BLACK HOLE

作　　者：席特 鲁同所 孙敏 胡婧 XI Te;LU Tongsuo;SUN Min;HU Jing(Physics Department of Science School,Tibet University,Lhasa,Tibet 850000;Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,CAS,Shanghai 201800;Education College of Tibet University,Lhasa,Tibet 850000)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学物理系,西藏拉萨850000 [2]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [3]西藏大学教育学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《物理与工程》2020年第1期53-67,72,共16页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11747128,11803024)资助。

摘　　要：2015年9月14日科学家首次探测到引力波信号,2015年12月26日,2017年1月4日,2017年8月14日,2017年10月16日又分别再次探测到来自宇宙空间的引力波信号,其中前四次都是由两个较小质量的黑洞合并成较大质量的黑洞后,损失的质量变成能量以引力波的形式释放了出来。这些成果都成为黑洞存在的无可置疑的明证,那么究竟什么是黑洞?它是怎么形成的?有哪些性质和特征?人类又怎么去探测它?文章给出一些主流的解释,进一步开阔人们的视野,使得人们更深刻地感受宇宙的神奇和魅力。Since scientists detected the gravitational wave signal for the first time on September 14,2015,the signals of gravitational waves from space were detected again on December 26,2015,January 4,2017,August 14,2017,and October 16,2017,respectively.For the first four times,two smaller black holes merged into a larger black hole,and the lost mass became energy released in the form of gravitational waves.These results are the undisputed proof of the existence of black holes.So what exactly is a black hole?How does it form?What are its properties and characteristics?How can humans detect it?We offer some mainstream explanations to further broaden people s horizons,which makes people feel the magic and charm of the universe more deeply.

关 键 词：黑洞 引力波 恒星 白矮星 中子星 

分 类 号：P145.8[天文地球—天体物理]