不同秸秆还田量对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响  

Effect of Different Rate of Straw Returned to Field on Rice Yield and Soil Phi-chemical Properties

作　　者：李录久[1] 吴萍萍[1] 王家嘉[1] 姚文麒[2] 汪霄 赵贤友 LI Lu-jiu;WU Ping-ping;WANG Jia-jia(Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农科院土壤肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]长丰县农业技术推广中心,安徽长丰231100 [3]肥西县土肥站,安徽肥西231200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第10期43-45,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重大研发项目苏皖麦区化肥减施、IPNI项目资助;公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费课题(20150311802,201003016)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长和白土肥力的影响,探讨适宜还田量和腐熟剂效果。[方法]设置0、2250、3000、3750和4500 kg/hm^2小麦干秸秆还田量,水稻收获期测定籽粒产量,采集0~20 cm土壤样品,分析物理和化学性状。[结果]实施小麦秸秆直接还田,对后季水稻生长具有良好的促进作用,3年3地试验籽粒产量分别提高3.74%~9.45%、3.73%~13.9%和2.34%~14.9%,平均增产5.98%、8.13%和7.74%,3750 kg/hm^2的中等秸秆还田量处理水稻籽粒产量最高;配施秸秆腐熟剂,水稻增产作用更明显。实施适量小麦秸秆直接还田,能有效提高后季稻田土壤有机质和有效态氮磷钾含量,增加耕作层厚度,提高土壤pH。[结论]当前生产水平下,江淮丘陵白土稻田小麦秸秆适宜还田量为3750 kg/hm^2左右。[Objective]Response of rice yield and soil phi-chemical properties to rate of wheat straw returned to field directly was conducted so as to seek the suitable amount and effect of straw decomposer.[Method]Five rates of wheat straw 0,2250,3000,3750 and 4500 kg/hm^2 returned to field were designed and soil phi-chemical properties of 0-20 cm depth,as well as grain yield reviewed in rice mature stage.[Result]There was a better accelerated effect of wheat straw directly returned to field on rice growth next season,seed yield increased by 3.74%-9.45%,3.73%-13.9%and 2.34%-14.9%averagely 5.98%,8.13%and 7.74%respectively,and the treatment of 3750 kg/hm^2 wheat straw rate obtained the highest yield.The higher grain yield was achieved for the treatment of wheat straw combined with decomposed dose.Concentration of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and organic matter in paddy soil of late season elevated obviously,the depth of cultivation layer increased,as well as soil pH.[Conclusion]In the paddy of Jianghuai hilly region,at the current production level,the suitable returning rate of wheat straw is about 3750 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：小麦秸秆直接还田 水稻产量 土壤理化性状 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]