异质农户脱贫生计选择的城乡偏向——一个信息视角  

The Urban-Rural Bias of Heterogeneous Farmers’ Choice of Livelihoods to Eliminate Poverty:An Information Perspective

作　　者：贺立龙[1] 杨祥辉 朱方明[1] He Lilong;Yang Xianghui;Zhu Fangming

机构地区：[1]四川大学经济学院

出　　处：《财经科学》2020年第5期106-118,共13页Finance & Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“精准扶贫的瞄准机制与施策效率研究”(15CLJ073)的阶段性成果;国家社科基金重点项目“深度贫困的结构性分布与高质量退出研究”(18AJL013);国家社会科学基金重大项目“精准扶贫思想:生成逻辑、内容体系和实践效果研究”(18ZDA035)的支持。

摘　　要：进城务工?或留乡发展?不同的村户有不同的生计选择倾向,反映为其对城乡生计信息的结构化诉求。本文从乡村区位差异及家庭异质性视角,探究相对贫困农户生计信息供求的城乡偏向及供求匹配程度。课题组基于在湖南省吉首市城郊和偏远乡村的抽样调查数据,对农户脱贫生计信息供求偏向的影响因素进行实证分析,发现:(1)偏远乡村的相对贫困农户总体偏向进城寻求生计机会,表现出更强的进城务工信息需求;城郊乡村的相对贫困农户更关注乡村生计信息,对规模化农业自营、乡村创业就业的信息需求意愿较强,"逆城镇化"动能较足;(2)农户生计信息需求受其收入水平、经营资金可得性等因素的影响,生计信息可得性则受到教育水平、干部帮扶、亲朋关系等因素的影响。当前应强化对相对贫困农户生计信息的精准援助,破解信息贫困;在偏远乡村积极推进新型城镇化,在城郊乡村加快实施乡村振兴战略;精准甄别不同类型农户的致贫成因,有序引导其脱贫生计选择,推动其分流融入新型城镇化与乡村产业振兴。Going into the city for work or staying in the township for development? Different village households have different livelihood choice tendencies, which is reflected in their structural appeal to urban and rural livelihood information. This paper explores the urban-rural bias and the matching of different farmers’ poverty alleviation information supply and demand from the perspective of county location differences and family heterogeneity. Based on the sample survey data in the suburbs and remote villages of Jishou City, Hunan Province, the research team empirically analyzed the factors affecting the supply and demand bias of farmers’ poverty alleviation information.(1) Farmers in remote rural areas tend to seek opportunities for livelihoods in cities, showing stronger information needs for migrant workers;rural farmers in suburban areas are more concerned about rural livelihood information, and have greater willingness to information needs for large-scale agricultural self-employment and rural entrepreneurial employment. "Reverse urbanization" has more kinetic energy;(2) The demand for livelihood information of farmers is affected by factors such as their income level and the availability of operating funds. The availability of livelihood information is affected by factors such as education level, cadre assistance, and family and friends. At present, we should strengthen accurate assistance to the livelihood information of poor farmers, crack down on information poverty, actively promote new urbanization in remote villages, accelerate the implementation of rural revitalization strategies in suburban villages, accurately identify the causes of poverty among different types of farmers, and guide their poverty alleviation in an orderly manner selecting.

关 键 词：异质农户 脱贫生计选择 生计信息 信息贫困 

分 类 号：F241.2[经济管理—劳动经济]