连坐、法团主义与法律治道变革——以行业协会为中心的观察  

Social L ink,Corporatism,and Change of the Rule of Law

作　　者：吴元元[1] Wu Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院,四川成都610074

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2020年第3期3-20,共18页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：霍英东教育基金会第十四届高等学校基础性研究资助项目(141087)“法律制度的信息基础”;中央高校基本科研经费专项基金西南财经大学重点研究基地中国经济法治研究中心资助项目(JBK120401)。

摘　　要：基于执法负荷繁重、执法资源稀缺的双重约束,如何根据不同的社会关系结构充分开掘多元社会主体的制度资源,从而建立一个分工合作的共治型治理机制,这是国家治理技术有效转型的一个必然隐喻。行业协会是法团主义的组织载体,它们把高度弥散化的市场主体聚合成交织紧密的共同体,形成涂尔干意义上的“有机连带”。当下行业协会运转“失灵”,与经济自治权和国家干预之间未能划定合理边界等制度原因密不可分,应当以此为主轴展开制度因应。作为国家治理体系的能动参与者,行业协会应当发挥组织、整合、聚集等制度职能优势,聚焦于声誉机制建设,以此把市场主体之间经由“连坐”而生成的监督激励切实转化为监督能力和监督实力,有效履行执法负荷分担者的制度角色。以行业协会为代表的“社群叙事”及其制度意涵,为解读法律与社会规范的相互关系打开了崭新的视窗。法律与社会规范彼此应和、互相补强,从而推动国家治理体系和治理技术的现代化转型。Based on the dual constraints of heavy workload of law enforcement and scarcity of law enforcement resources,how to fully explore the institutional resources of pluralistic social entities according to different social relations structures,thus establishing a governance mechanism of division of labor and cooperation for market regulation,is a metaphor of how state governance technology is transformed effectively.Industry associations are the carriers of corporatism.They aggregate highly diffused market entities into a closely intertwined community,forming an"organic link"in the sense of Durkheim.Today's failure of industry associations to operate is closely related to the failure to delineate a reasonable boundary between economic autonomy and state intervention.As an active participant in the national governance system,industry associations should take the advantages of organizational functions such as organization,integration,aggregation,and focus on the construction of reputational mechanisms,so as to effectively transform the supervisory incentives generated by market participants through social link into supervisory capabilities,thus effectively share the institutional role of the law enforcers.The"community narrative"represented by industry associations and its institutional implications open a new window for interpreting the interrelationship between law and social norms.Laws and social norms should be mutually reinforced,promoting the evolution of the national governance technology to a desirable pattern of synergy and co-governance.

关 键 词：连坐 行业协会 法团主义 法律与社会规范 声誉机制 

分 类 号：D90-052[政治法律—法学理论]