生物滴滤塔/景观滤床工艺高效处理农村污水  

An efficient trickling filter/landscape biofilter-bed technique for rural domestic sewage treatment

作　　者：刘梦雪 曾非凡 文红平 林学明 杨小明 任宗玲[1] 李永涛[1,2] 张振 LIU Meng-xue;ZENG Fei-fan;WEN Hong-ping;LIN Xue-ming;YANG Xiao-ming;REN Zong-ling;LI Yong-tao;ZHANG Zhen(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Joint Institute for Environmental Research&Education,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,中英环境科学研究中心,广州510642 [2]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2020年第5期1094-1102,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B020218002);国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0800103)。

摘　　要：农村生活污水处理对于改善农村人居环境具有重要意义。本研究通过"小试-中试-工程应用"尺度下一系列试验研究,探索出一套新型高效生物滴滤塔/景观滤床污水净化工艺(ETF/LBb)。通过小试吸附和挂膜试验筛选合适的填料,以实验室模拟生活污水,进行处理规模为1 m3·d^-1的生物滴滤池改良优化中试试验,继而以学生宿舍区真实生活污水开展处理规模50 m3·d^-1的ETF/LBb工艺的工程应用试验。小试结果表明:由工业及建筑废料改性而成的除磷填料和除氮填料具有较强的氮磷吸附能力,对NO3-和PO43-的饱和吸附量分别为1.0 mg N·g^-1和2.3 mg P·g^-1,泥岩填料具有较好的微生物挂膜能力。中试结果表明:除磷填料、除氮填料和泥岩在同一条件下对生活污水中的NH4+、CODCr、TP、TN的去除率在88.9%、89.9%、67.8%、61.52%以上。工程应用试验结果表明:处理后的生活污水可以稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A排放标准,工艺运行费用<0.10元·m^-3·d^-1。ETF/LBb工艺具有造价低、污水处理效率高和节省人工等特点。It is of utmost importance to effectively treat rural domestic sewage to improve the rural living environment. In the present study,a novel technique, i.e., efficient trickling filter/landscape biofilter-bed(ETF/LBb)was explored through a series of experiments conducted at lab scale, pilot scale(simulated domestic wastewater and treatment capacity of 1 m3·d^-1), and finally at large scale(sanitary sewage from student dormitories and treatment capacity of 50 m3·d^-1). The lab-scale adsorption and biofilm formation experiments implied that nitrogen-and phosphorus-removal fillers derived from industrial and construction wastes could effectively adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus with maximum adsorption capacities of 1.0 mg N·g^-1 and 2.3 mg P·g^-1, respectively. Besides, biofilm was significantly formed in the argillaceous limestone-derived filler. In pilot-scale, the modified biofilters containing nitrogen-and phosphorus-removal fillers, as well as argillaceous limestone, could effectively remove CODCr, NH4+, TN, and TP from wastewater with removal efficiencies above 88.9%, 89.9%,67.8%, and 61.52%, respectively. In the large-scale experiment, the effluent from the ETF/LBb-based sewage treatment chain could effectively meet the stringent national discharge standards(ClassⅠ, Grade A)with the investment below 0.1 yuan·m^-3·d^-1. It can be concluded that ETF/LBb has promising application prospects in rural areas because of its advantages that include compact space, high treatment efficiency, and labor-saving nature.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 ETF/LBb 生物填料 氮磷吸附 微生物挂膜 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]