跨越地理环境之路--明清时期北方地区的游牧社会与农商社会  

A Road acrossing the Geographical Environment: Centered on the Interaction between Nomadic and Agricultural Civilization in the Northern Area in the Ming-Qing Period

作　　者：鱼宏亮 Yu Hongliang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《文史哲》2020年第3期45-62,166,共19页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：受"内亚"理论、"族群"理论等西方史学理论的影响,一些古史研究将地理环境差异当作不同民族间生活与交流的鸿沟,中国东北、蒙古、新疆、青海、西藏等地区被视为与中原地区截然不同的地理单元,进而将这些地区的人民与内地人民分割成互相隔离的族群,从而构建了一个内地与边疆、本部与边缘的历史叙事模式。这种模式在中西方都产生了巨大影响,甚至变成中国古代史研究不可绕开的前提与背景。本文利用明清以来中央和地方档案、土地契约、地名志、中外考察记等史料,还原了明清时期内地与蒙古地区人民跨越长城、河套等地理界限,在农业与贸易等方面进行的历史悠久与规模宏大的双向交流,以及移民、技术与文化传播的历史画面。指出在一个环境与民族多样性的国度中,地理环境等自然差异从来没有成为人群交流与融合的阻断因素。相反,人类社会的发展正是一部突破环境局限的历史。"内陆亚洲""长城带"等西方史学理论的提出受到近代民族主义的影响,在应用到中国史的研究中存在着明显的错误和缺陷。Using historical materials including central and local archives,land contract,record of place names,Chinese and foreign record of inspection and etc.,this paper restores the longlasting and massive communication among people from inland China and the Mongolian region on agriculture,trade and other aspects acrossing the geographic boundaries of the Great Wall and the Hetao region,as well as the historical scene of migration,technology transfer,and cultural communication.It can be seen that in a country with environmental and ethnic diversity,natural differences including geographical conditions had never been the blocking factors of communication and integration.On the contrary,development of human society is just a historical course breaking through the environmental limitation.The proposition of Western historical theories such as Inner Asia and the Great Wall Zone were affected by modern nationalism,yet they shows obvious defect when being applied into the studies of Chinese history.

关 键 词：内亚 拉铁摩尔 长城带 丝绸之路 游牧社会 农商社会 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]