“以土代火”与“四星聚尾”:杜甫献《三大礼赋》的政治文化背景及相关问题考述  

“Earth Substituting Fire” and “Convergence of Four Stars”:a Research of the Political and Cultural Context of Du Fu Offering “Fu on the Three Grand Rites” and Related Issues

作　　者：孙微[1] Sun Wei

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《文史哲》2020年第3期154-164,168,共12页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：天宝九载崔昌所献"以土代火"说系本之于阴阳家邹衍所创制的"终始五德"说,并历经隋王通、唐王勃、李嗣真等人的不断阐释,当朝廷集议讨论此说时,又适值"四星聚尾"的特殊天象发生,此天象历来被认为是有德受庆、无德受殃之兆,玄宗遂决心采纳崔昌之说,于十载正月举行三大礼、宣扬"以土代火",制造有德受庆的虚假盛典以弥缝"四星聚尾"带来的负面影响;而河北安史之徒则径将此天象看作"昊穹有命,命燕革唐"之谶,遂开始潜构逆谋,以图金土之相代。崔昌献"以土代火"说的背后是天宝末李林甫、杨国忠两大集团的政治博弈,而杜甫此时献《三大礼赋》表明其与李林甫集团的政治立场具有一致性。通过《奉送崔都水翁下峡》《封西岳赋》等诗文可知其与崔昌、卫包的关系亦较为密切,相关诗歌的编年亦需进行相应的调整与更改。The theory "earth substituting fire"offered by Cui Chang in the year A.D.750 was originated from the theory"circulation of five virtues"created by Zou Yan,and was interpreted constantly by Wang Tong,Wang Bo,and Li Sizhen in the Sui-Tang period.Just at the time when the Tang court discussed the theory,the special astronomical phenomena of"convergence of four stars"occured,which had always been regarded as omen of festivity of virtue,or disaster without virtue.So Emperor Xuanzong decided to adopt Cui’s theory,hold the three grand rites in the first month of next lunar year,and advocate"earth substituting fire"to cover up the negative effects brought by "convergence of four stars",yet An Lushan seized the opportunity and began to plan treachery.The context for Cui Chang offering the theory is the political game between the two groups of Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong in the late years of Tianbao reign,and Du Fu offering "Fu on the Three Grand Rites"shows the same stand with Li’s group.Through some poems and prose,it can be seen that Du Fu had close relations with Cui Chang and Wei Bao,so the relevant chronological order should be adjusted and corrected.

关 键 词：杜甫 崔昌 《三大礼赋》 以土代火 四星聚尾 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]