重大突发公共卫生危机下的药品专利强制许可——现实需要、伦理因应与法律安排  

On Compulsory License of Drug Patent in Serious Emergent Public Health Crisis——Practical Necessity,Ethical Responses and Legal Arrangements

作　　者：刘鑫[1] Liu Xin

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学知识产权研究中心

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2020年第4期63-72,共10页Electronics Intellectual Property

摘　　要：新型冠状病毒肺炎于2019年底在我国爆发并迅速扩散,引发了全国性的重大突发公共卫生危机。为实现特效专利药品的充分供给,实施药品专利强制许可是最为高效的选择,不仅可以消解药品专利市场运营中所固有的“反公有地”悲剧,同时也可以有效规避药品专利国际合作中技术劫持与贸易倾轧。对于以人为本的主体性原则和与人为善的有益性原则两项伦理准则的遵循,保证了药品专利强制许可实施的伦理正义;而对于药品专利强制许可申请主体扩展和药品专利强制许可补偿标准细化两项法律完善举措的采取,则使我国药品专利强制许可机制克服了自身缺陷,能够在实践中有序运行,为重大突发公共卫生危机的化解提供制度支撑。COVID-19 broke out at the end of 2019 and spread rapidly,which cause a serious emergent public health crisis all round China.In order to realize the full supply of wonder patent drugs,implementing compulsory license of drug patent is the most efficient choice,which could not only eliminate the tragedy of“Anti-commons”inherent in the drug patent market,but also avoid technology hold-up and trade disruption in international cooperation of drug patents.Following the two ethical principles,that are the principle of human-oriented and the principle of good for others,could ensure the ethical justice of the implementation of compulsory license of drug patent.Moreover,adopting two measures of legal perfection,that are expanding the subject of application and refining the compensation standard,could make China‘s compulsory license of drug patent overcome its own shortcomings and operate orderly in practice to provide institutional support for the resolution of the serious emergent public health crises.

关 键 词：药品专利 强制许可 公共卫生危机 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]