春秋时期政治生态变迁与怨刺诗类型演化  

The Changes of Political Ecology and the Typological Evolution of Resentment and Irony Poems in the Spring and Autumn Period

作　　者：邵炳军[1] SHAO Bing-jun(Research Institute for Chinese Poetry and Etiquette,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学诗礼文化研究院,上海200444

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期1-8,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“《诗经》与礼制研究”(16ZDA172)。

摘　　要：春秋时期怨刺诗类型演化进程与政治生态环境密切相关:当政治思想、政治制度、政治格局、政治风气和社会风气综合状态与环境依然以王权为中心时,诗人将怨刺的聚焦点主要集中在天子身上;当由以王权为中心向霸权(君权)为中心转变后,诗人将怨刺的聚焦点主要集中在国君身上;当由以君权为中心向以族权为中心转变后,诗人将怨刺的聚焦点主要集中在卿大夫身上;当由以族权为中心向"庶人议政"转变后,诗人将怨刺的聚焦点主要集中在家臣身上。这从一个侧面说明:一方面,政治生态环境为怨刺诗提供了丰富的创作客体,进而引导诗人将怨刺的聚焦点渐次下移,直接影响了怨刺诗类型的演化进程,使怨刺诗由贵族化的庙堂文学逐渐转化为平民化的世俗文学;另一方面,怨刺诗作为政治生态环境的创作载体,并非是政治的附庸,不仅是政治的见证者,而且是政治的参与者,自然间接影响了不同历史阶段政治生态的变迁历程。In the Spring and Autumn Period,the typological evolution process of resentment and irony poems was closely related to the political ecological environment:The poets focused their resentment and irony on the emperor when the comprehensive state and environment of political thought,political system,political pattern,political ethos and social ethos were still centered on the kingship,on the monarch after the transformation from the kingship centeredness to the hegemony centered,on the officials after the change from the monarchy to the clan,on the retainers after the change from the clan to the commoners.This shows from one side:On the one hand,the political ecological environment provides a rich creation objects for the resentment and irony poems,guiding the poet to gradually move down the focus of the resentment and irony poems,which directly affects the typological evolution process of the resentment and irony poems,and makes it gradually transform from aristocratic temple literature to civilian secular literature;on the other hand,the resentment and irony poems,as the creation carrier of the political ecological environment,are not the appendage of politics,on the contrary,they are not only the witness of politics,but also the participant of politics,which indirectly affects the change course of political ecology in different historical stages.

关 键 词：春秋时期 政治生态 怨刺诗 类型 

分 类 号：I207.222[文学—中国文学]