水痘疫苗保护效果的病例对照研究  

Case-control study on the protective effect of varicella vaccine

作　　者：蒋静凤[1] 王旭雯[1] JIANG Jing-feng;WANG Xu-wen(Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214023,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡市疾病预防控制中心,江苏无锡214023

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第9期1684-1687,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：无锡市科技局科技发展计划项目(CSE31N1721);江南大学公共卫生研究中心青年项目(JUPH201846)。

摘　　要：目的分析儿童接种水痘疫苗后的保护效果,探讨接种1剂次水痘疫苗的保护效果随时间推移而改变的规律,根据研究结果对无锡地区水痘疫苗免疫策略制定提出建议。方法对病例与对照开展流行病学调查,收集调查对象人口学、水痘疫苗接种史等信息,比较两组水痘疫苗接种情况,探讨接种后的保护效果及其效果随时间推移而发生衰减的规律。结果共纳入研究对象942例,其中病例组324例,对照组618例。水痘疫苗总体保护率为55%(95%CI:42%~65%),1剂次水痘疫苗的保护率为26.6%(95%CI:3.3%-44.3%),2剂次水痘疫苗的保护率为67.8%(95%CI:21.3%~86.9%)。接种后<1年、1~年、2~年、3~年、4~年水痘疫苗保护率分别为79.3%、52.7%、33.0%、26.9%、13.6%(χ^2=8.258,P<0.05)。结论仅接种1剂次水痘疫苗预防疾病的效果较差,提倡免疫程序更改为2剂次,可显著提升水痘疫苗保护效果。1剂次水痘疫苗保护率不持久,接种后疫苗保护效果逐年递减,建议在接种3年后加强接种1剂次水痘疫苗。Objective To analyze the protective effect of varicella vaccine for children, and to explore the rule that the protective effect of one dose of varicella vaccine decreases with time, so as to make suggestions for the formulation of vaccination strategies for varicella vaccine in Wuxi area. Methods The epidemiological survey to cases and controls was conducted by researchers. The demographic and history of varicella vaccination were collected. The exposure of the case group and the control group to varicella vaccination was analyzed. And then the protective effect of varicella vaccine and the rule that the protective effect of one dose of varicella vaccine decreased with time were explored. Results A total of 942 cases including 324 cases and 618 controls were included in the study. The total protective effect of varicella vaccine was 55%(95%CI: 42%~65%), one dose of vaccine’s was 26.6%(95%CI: 3.3%-44.3%), and two doses of vaccine’s was 67.8%(95%CI: 21.3%~86.9%). The protective effect of varicella vaccine in 0-1 year, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, 3-4 years and more than 4 years after vaccination were 79.3%, 52.7%, 33.0%, 26.9% and 13.6%(χ^2=8.258, P<0.05), respectively. The protective effect of varicella vaccine decreased with time. Conclusion The effect to prevent diseases of one dose of vaccine is poor. It is advocated that two doses of varicella vaccine should be vaccinated to improve the effect of diseases prevention and control. The protective effect of one dose of varicella vaccine decreases obviously with time, and another dose of varicella vaccine should be strengthened after three years of vaccination.

关 键 词：水痘 保护效果 病例对照 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]