超长航时太阳能无人机关键技术综述  

Review of key technologies of ultra-long-endurance solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle

作　　者：马东立[1] 张良 杨穆清[1] 夏兴禄 王少奇 MA Dongli;ZHANG Liang;YANG Muqing;XIA Xinglu;WANG Shaoqi(School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]西安现代控制技术研究所,西安710065

出　　处：《航空学报》2020年第3期29-58,共30页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

摘　　要：超长航时太阳能无人机(UAV)以其高效节能、原理上可实现无限巡航的特点受到广泛关注,而其独特的设计指标与任务特性也对各项关键技术提出了较高要求。多设计要素的高度耦合意味着不同于常规飞行器的总体设计方法,低密度、低速度的飞行条件使其具有明显的低雷诺数气动特性,柔性超大展弦比机翼带来了复杂的气动弹性问题,低翼载荷特性与较大的风场扰动增加了控制难度,极端的飞行环境与苛刻的任务指标对能源、动力系统带来了新挑战,飞行性能对能源系统的高度依赖开辟了飞行轨迹优化的研究方向。本文梳理了超长航时太阳能无人机关键技术的研究现状,在此基础上对各项技术中的难点问题进行了阐释,并对超长航时太阳能无人机未来发展趋势进行了展望。Ultra-long endurance solar powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)has attracted wide attention due to its characteristics of high efficiency,energy saving,and unlimited cruise in principle.However,its unique design indicators and mission characteristics also impose higher requirements for key technologies.High coupling of multiple design elements means that the overall design method is different from that of conventional aircraft.Low-density and low-speed flight conditions contribute to aerodynamic characteristics of a significantly low Reynolds number.Flexible wings with large aspect ratio bring complex aeroelastic problems.The characteristics of low wing load and large wind disturbance increase the difficulty of control.Extreme flight environments and demanding mission indicators pose new challenges to energy and power systems.The high dependence on energy opens up the research direction of flight trajectory optimization.This paper summarizes the research status of key technologies of the ultra-long-endurance solar UAVs.On this basis,the difficulties in key technologies are explained,and the future trend of ultra-long endurance solar UAV is illustrated.

关 键 词：太阳能无人机 总体设计 气动设计 气动弹性与阵风减缓 飞行控制 能源动力 飞行轨迹优化 

分 类 号：V221[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]