穆棱东北红豆杉种群结构特征  

Population structure characteristics of Taxus cuspidata

作　　者：刁云飞 刘延坤 刘玉龙 田松岩 DIAO YunFei;LIU YanKun;LIU YuLong;TIAN SongYan(Heilongjiang Forestry Engineering and Environment Institute,Harbin 150081,China;Mudanjiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Mudanjiang 157500,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Forestry Ecological Engineering of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省森林工程与环境研究所,哈尔滨150081 [2]黑龙江省牡丹江森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,牡丹江157500 [3]黑龙江省森林生态与林业生态工程重点实验室,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2020年第4期391-397,共7页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:41475123);黑龙江省森林工业总局青年基金项目(批准号:sgzjQ2016003);黑龙江省财政厅自拟项目(批准号:2016-01scz,2017-01scz,2018scz)资助。

摘　　要：东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata Sieb.et Zucc)系红豆杉属的第三纪孑遗的珍贵乔木.为了探讨东北红豆杉自然演替的种群现状和发展动态,本研究在东北红豆杉国家级自然保护区25 hm2固定监测样地内进行,对区域内东北红豆杉种群进行每木调查,运用"空间代替时间法"编制静态生命表,分析其种群结构、数量特征及空间分布格局,研究东北红豆杉种群的现状与发展动态.结果表明,径级结构呈倒"J"型,种群幼苗、幼树、成树个体数目相近,种群数量呈现稳定的趋势,但按照龄级划分后,发现东北红豆杉种群前期呈现不稳定的状态.东北红豆杉种群存活曲线呈现为龄级Ⅰ,Ⅱ为Deevey-Ⅲ型曲线,龄级Ⅲ以后更接近于Deevey-Ⅱ型曲线,表现出幼龄期生长非常不稳定,中龄期、成熟期相对稳定衰退的特点,说明东北红豆杉种群早期死亡率很高,以至于龄级Ⅲ后数量稀少.东北红豆杉种群各龄级在不同尺度上表现出聚集分布格局为主.本研究为了解东北红豆杉种群濒危机制提供科学依据,也可为其保护提供前期研究基础,为其种群恢复重建提供理论依据.Taxus cuspidata is part of the precious trees left over from the Tertiary Period. The present study aimed to provide a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism of the endangered Taxus cuspidata population and its protection as well as to provide a theoretical basis for its population restoration and reconstruction. To investigate the current situation and development trends of natural succession of Taxus cuspidata, the present study was conducted within 25 hectares of fixed monitoring sample plots in the National Natural Reserve of Taxus cuspidata. The population of Taxus cuspidata was surveyed per tree, and the static life table was compiled using the method of "space instead of time." The population structure, quantitative characteristics, and spatial distribution pattern of Taxus cuspidata were analyzed to determine the current situation and trends in development. The results revealed the following: the diameter class structure was the inverted "J" type, and the number of seedlings, saplings, and adult trees was similar. The population quantity also showed a stable trend. However, for the age class, the population of Taxus cuspidata was found to be unstable in the early stage. The survival curve of Taxus cuspidata showed that age classes Ⅰ and Ⅱ are Deevey-Ⅲ curves, and age class Ⅲ and latter are closer to a Deevey-Ⅱ curve. This shows that the growth of the Taxus cuspidata population when they are young is very unstable,whereas their growth during middle age and at maturation is relatively stable and subsequently gradually declines. The results also show that Taxus cuspidata population has a very high early mortality rate;therefore, their numbers are significantly less after age class Ⅲ. The age classes of Taxus cuspidata showed an aggregation distribution pattern on different scales.

关 键 词：东北红豆杉 静态生命表 种群现状 存活曲线 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]