氢安全研究现状及面临的挑战  

Research status-in-situ and key challenges in hydrogen safety

作　　者：郑津洋[1,2,3] 刘自亮 花争立 顾超华[1,2] 王赓 陈霖新[5] 张一苇[1,2] 朱盛依[1,2] 韩武林 ZHENG Jin-yang;LIU Zi-liang;HUA Zheng-li;GU Chao-hua;WANG Geng;CHEN Lin-xin;ZHANG Yi-wei;ZHU Sheng-yi;HAN Wu-lin(Institute of Process Equipment,Zhejiang University,Hang­zhou 310027,China;High-pressure Process Equipment and Safety Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education,Hangzhou 310027,China;State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power&Mechatronic Systems,Hangzhou 310027,China;China Na­tional Institute of Standardization,Beijing 100191,China;China Electronics Engineering Design Institute,Beijing 100840,China;Beijing Hydrosys Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学化工机械研究所,杭州310027 [2]高压过程装备与安全教育部工程研究中心,杭州310027 [3]流体动力与机电系统国家重点实验室,杭州310027 [4]中国标准化研究院,北京100191 [5]中国电子工程设计院,北京100840 [6]北京海德利森科技有限公司,北京102600

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2020年第1期106-115,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0215101)。

摘　　要：氢能具有储运便捷、来源多样、洁净环保等突出优点,许多国家把发展氢能作为重要的能源战略。氢安全是氢能大规模商业化应用的重要保障。在分析国内外氢安全领域近年来最新研究进展的基础上,依次从氢泄漏与扩散、氢燃烧与爆炸、氢与金属材料相容性及氢风险评价等方面,系统总结了国内外氢安全研究面临的挑战,并对我国氢安全的发展提出了建议。The present paper is aimed at summarizing the research status-in-situ and the key challenges of the hydrogen safety in the hydrogen leakage and diffusion,the hydrogen combustion and explosion,the hydrogen and metallic material compatibility,in addition to the related hydrogen risk assessment. At the same time,the paper has also brought about some suggestions for hydrogen safety measures perfection at home in China so as to confine the hydrogen leakage into a properly controlled sphere.Thus,as a matter of fact,we have also traced and examined the effects of the hydrogen storage pressure,the diameter and the ventilation size,as well as the pressure relief device( PRD) on the pressure peak through experiments. In spite of this,there remain still lots of difficulties to be overcome through study of the complex physical properties of the liquid hydrogen by establishing and verifying the liquid hydrogen leakage model. The combustion regularity of hydrogen in the confined or semi-confined spaces,such as the garage,the tunnels and hydrogen refueling stations,should still be paid great attention,too. Besides,much attention has also been paid to the research of the mechanism of the flame acceleration( FA) and the deflagration-to-detonation transition( DDT) in the confined spaces by the scholars around the world today. Hence,the results of the above research prove that the interaction among the flame,the dominant shock wave and the reflected shock wave should be taken as the main factor to promote the said DDT. What is more,when the material is operated in a hydrogen environment for too long,it may also cause deterioration of the mechanical properties,known as the hydrogen environment embrittlement( HE). Actually,quite a few of tests we can conduct to make out the HE susceptibility of the metallic materials,including the slow strain rate tensile test,the fatigue life test,the fatigue crack growth test and the fracture toughness test. All the above said widely accepted testing methods can be adopted directly to confine the s

关 键 词：安全工程 氢泄漏与扩散 氢燃烧与爆炸 氢与材料相容性 氢风险评价 

分 类 号：X931[环境科学与工程—安全科学]