雾霾时车辆尾气排放对驾驶员能见度的影响  

Influence of the vehicle exhaust emission on the drivers’ visibility during the haze hours

作　　者：龚 魏晨[1] GONG Yan;WEI Chen(Beijing Science and Technology Information Research Institute,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市科学技术情报研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2020年第1期137-145,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：针对北京道路车辆尾气排放对雾霾时驾驶员道路能见度的影响问题,建立了雾霾时车辆尾气排放与驾驶员道路能见度关系模型。该模型以车辆为单元建立车辆尾气排放元胞,考虑了车辆尾气排放后的污染物物理和化学变化,并以车道中的尾气排放位置截面及截面单元、交叉口处的尾气排放位置区间为模型单元。为验证该模型,于2016年10月-2017年2月和2017年10月-2018年2月,在北京地区部分路网检测了驾驶员道路能见度等数据,并统计了各时段驾驶员道路能见度的分布情况。对建立的关系模型进行仿真,结果表明,该关系模型的仿真结果与实际检测数据的误差占比平均值小于4. 98%,验证了该关系模型用于描述北京市道路车辆尾气排放对雾霾时驾驶员道路能见度影响的有效性。Aiming at tracing the influence of the road vehicle exhaust emissions on the road visibility of the drivers in Beijing during the haze hours,the given paper has established a model of the relation between the vehicle exhaust emission and the road visibility for the drivers. The model of such a relation is also supposed to include the vehicle exhaust emission model,a model of the relation between the vehicle exhaust emission and the driver’s road visibility in the driving lane,the intersection and the more comprehensive road network. When the vehicle is moving inside the road section,the exhaust emissions of the vehicle should also be essentially dynamic. The "exhaust emission flow current" resulted by the vehicle exhaust emissions tends to form temporarily continuous emission points. The real-time distribution of "the exhaust emissions flow" can only be analysed based on the vehicle unit,while taking into account the vehicle unit intensive factors at the overall distribution of the road section.Therefore,the vehicle’s exhaust emission cells can only be established by the unit given in the vehicle exhaust emission model. And,then,with the change of the driving distance going on,the pollutants of the exhaust emission will be taken in the physical change by nature,with some of their pollutants given in the chemical form. Such physical and chemical interactions may tend to change their distribution behaviours of their pollutants from time to time. Therefore,in the model of the relation between the vehicle exhaust emission and the driver’s road visibility in the lane and the intersection,it is necessary to take into account the physical and chemical changes of the pollutants from their exhaust emission source. Taking the exhaust emission position cross the section and cross the section unit in the lane for example,it is necessary to calculate the exhaust emission position interval at the intersection as the model unit,the total amount of the real-time pollutants in the lane and the cross section,so as to gain th

关 键 词：安全工程 交通安全 雾霾 北京地区 驾驶员道路能见度 车辆尾气排放 关系模型 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程]