国外天然气托运商制度及其对中国的启示  

Foreign natural gas shipper system and its enlightenment to China

作　　者：杨雷 YANG Lei(Editorial Board of International Petroleum Economics)

机构地区：[1]《国际石油经济》

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2020年第3期15-19,28,共6页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：在国际天然气市场化改革过程中,普遍采用了托运商制度,托运商既包括生产商、大用户,也包括配气商和营销商。政府对托运商有明确的资质要求,责权利清晰,管道公司应对所有托运商提供无歧视的管输服务,托运商也受到监管,并承担协助管网平稳运行、增加透明度等责任。托运商制度有效推动了管道建设,激发了市场活力,是天然气市场化改革获得成功的重要保障。中国的天然气市场化改革面临着主体多元化、管道运行及调度、管输价格制定、长期合约、区域市场建设等方面的挑战。根据现阶段中国天然气市场化改革的实际,应积极研究建立托运商制度,明确托运商的责权利及有关行政程序,并在实践中不断完善,为顺利推进中国天然气市场化改革提供制度保障。In the international gas market liberalization reform process,the shipper system has been generally adopted shippers include producers,large users,as well as gas distributors and traders.Shippers have qualification requirements with clear responsibilities and rights.The pipeline company shall provide non-discriminatory pipeline transportation services to all the shippers,and the shippers shall also be subject to supervision and responsible for assisting the smooth operation of the pipe network and increasing transparency.The shipper system has promoted the construction of pipelines,stimulated market vitality,and is an important pillar for gas market liberalization.At present,China’s natural gas liberalization reforms face with such challenges as main body diversification,pipeline operation and scheduling,pipeline pricing,long-term contracts,and regional market construction.According to the reality of China’s natural gas liberalization reform at the present stage,it is necessary to actively study the establishment of the shipper system,clarify responsibilities and rights of shippers and relevant administrative procedures,and continuously improve in practice,so as to provide institutional guarantee for the smooth implementation of China’s natural gas liberalization reform.

关 键 词：天然气改革 托运商 天然气管输 国家管网公司 市场结构 监管 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]