新疆栽培杏品种间亲缘关系及表型性状的遗传多样性研究  

Genetic Diversity of Genetic Relationship and Phenotypic Characters among of Apricot Cultivars in Xinjiang

作　　者：王亚楠 李雯雯[1] 樊国全[2] 章世奎[2] 王亚铜 廖康[1] WANG Ya-nan;LI Wen-wen;FAN Guo-quan;ZHANG Shi-kui;WANG Ya-tong;LIAO Kang(Research Center of Featured Fruit Trees,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Luntai National Fruit Germplasm Resources Garden of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luntai 841600,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院轮台果树资源圃,轮台841600

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2019年第4期229-236,共8页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2016B01005-1);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金(2016-10758-3)。

摘　　要：以40个新疆杏品种为供试样本,通过聚类分析新疆栽培杏品种间亲缘关系,以主成分分析和计算表型性状的标准差、变异系数、辛普森多样性指数和香农-威纳指数的方法,进一步探讨新疆杏表型性状的遗传多样性特点。当欧式距离为5.0时,40份供试品种划分为5组。22项数值型指标的变异系数幅度:0.1%~15.4%,香农-威纳指数幅度:4.71~5.32,辛普森指数幅度:0.95~0.98。供试样本33个表型性状主成分分析得出叶片颜色,叶背茸毛等前12个成分因子累计贡献率达到85.594%。聚类分析表明,供试样本中和田亚群的品种与库车亚群的品种间亲缘关系最近,与喀什亚群的品种间的亲缘关系较远。综合变异系数、香农-威纳指数、辛普森指数分析表明,供试新疆栽培杏品种叶面积、可溶性固形物、果形指数在供试品种间的遗传多样性丰富,叶片长、花冠直径、单果重、核鲜重的遗传性状相对稳定。主成分分析表明,叶相关形态指标是评价新疆栽培杏表型性状遗传多样性的重要指标,叶片长、叶片宽、叶片颜色、叶背茸毛、叶片形状、叶基形态、叶尖形态、叶缘形态、叶面形态、叶形指数、叶面积、叶炳长12个主成分因子可以代表新疆栽培杏表型性状遗传多样性的大部分信息,但不是反映新疆栽培杏遗传多样性的唯一标准。The standard deviation,coefficient of variation,Simpson diversity index and Shannon-Wiener index of phenotypic traits were calculated by using SPSS19.0 in 40 Xinjiang apricots,and then their genetic differentiation and stability of phenotypic diversity were further studied by cluster analysis and principal component analysis.When the genetic distance was 5.0,the 40 varieties were divided into 5 groups.The coefficient of variation of 22 numerical indexes was 0.1%-15.4%,the range of Shannon-Weiner index was 4.71-5.32,and the range of Simpson index was 0.95-0.98.The main component analysis of 33 phenotypic characters of the test samples showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the 12 component factors,such as the color of leaves and the fuzz of back leaves,reached 85.594%.The results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic relationship between Hotan subgroup and Kuqa subgroup was the closest,but far from Kashi subgroup.The results of comprehensive coefficient of variation,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index showed that the genetic diversity of leaf area,soluble solids and fruit shape index was abundant,and the heredity of the 4 indexes such as leaf length,corolla diameter,single fruit weight and fresh core weight was relatively stable.The results of principal component analysis showed that 12 traits such as leaf length,leaf width,leaf color,leaf back fuzz,leaf shpe,leaf base morphology,leaf tip morphology,leaf edge morphology,leaf surface morphology,leaf shape index,leaf area and leaf handle length were important indexes for evaluating phenotypic diversity of apricots in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：新疆 杏品种 遗传多样性 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]