不同树形库尔勒香梨光能利用率的差异性研究  

Difference in Light Utilization Rate of Korla Fragrant Pear with Different Tree Shapes

作　　者：木合塔尔·扎热[1,2] 玉山·库尔班[3] 李疆[1] Muhtar Zari;Yusan Kurban;LI Jiang(Colleges of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Economic Forest,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830063,China;Forestry Bureau of Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Aksu 843000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐830063 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区林业局,阿克苏843000

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2019年第4期237-242,共6页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项课题(201304701-1);新疆维吾尔自治区‘十二五’重大科技专项(201130102-1)。

摘　　要：以15年生开心形和疏散分层形的库尔勒香梨树作为试验对象,测定其叶绿素含量、净光合速率—光响应曲线、光合速率日变化及光合有效面积等指标,分析了两种树形在光能利用效率上的异同。结果表明,库尔勒香梨两种树形树的叶片叶绿素a(Chl a)含量、叶绿素b(Chl b)含量、叶绿素a/叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量平均值之间的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。两种树形的净光合速率—光响应曲线特征参数基本相近,开心树形和疏散分层树形的光饱和点分别为1411、1420μmol/(m 2·s),表观量子效率分别为0.0441、0.0439。两种树形的叶片净光合速率日变化趋势因中午的光抑制表现出双峰曲线,分别出现在11:30和17:30左右,光合有效辐射(PDF)大于光饱和点(LSP)是导致“光午休”现象的主要原因。疏散分层形树的光合有效面积始终大于开心形树,二者的光合有效面积平均值分别为23.8、21.6 m 2。库尔勒香梨在相同的栽植模式和田间管理条件下,疏散分层形树的有效见光面积明显大于开心形树,光能利用效率也较高。15 years old Korla fragrant pear tree with two tree shapes were used as the testing material to measure the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate-light response,diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate,and effective photosynthetic area of open center tree shape and evacuation layered tree shape,and analyze the similarities and differences of light efficiency between the two tree shapes.The results showed that there were no significant difference in leaf chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content between two tree shapes of Korla fragrant pear(P>0.05);The characteristic parameters of net photosynthetic rate-light response curve of the open center tree shape and evacuation layered tree shape were similar,their light saturation points were 1411μmol/(m 2·s)and 1420μmol/(m 2·s),and the apparent quantum efficiencies were 0.0441 and 0.0439,respectively.The diurnal change in net photosynthetic rate of Korla fragrant pear presented a double-peak curve because of light inhibition at midday,the first peak was around 11:30,and the second peak was around 17:30,the fact that the photon flux density was larger than light saturation point of Korla fragrant pear was the main factor that caused light midday depression phenomenon.The photosynthetic effective area of evacuation layered tree shape was always higher than that of open center tree shape,and their average values were 23.8 m 2 and 21.6 m 2,in respectively.Under the same planting mode and field management conditions,the evacuation layered tree shape can absorb more light energy than open center tree shape,and its utilization rate of light energy is also higher.

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 树形 光合有效面积 太阳高度角 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]