薄壁梁结构的电动汽车车身刚度正向设计方法  

Forward Design Method of Electric Vehicle Body Stiffness Based on Thin-walled Beam Structure

作　　者：钟浩龙 张小龙 刘子建[1] ZHONG Haolong;ZHANG Xiaolong;LIU Zijian(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body,Hunan University,Changsha,410082)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2020年第8期975-982,共8页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51475152)。

摘　　要：汽车车身骨架结构由薄壁梁构成,因此将薄壁梁理论运用到车身正向开发设计中。改进文献中的车身刚度设计方法,推导了包括双力矩和翘曲函数等在内的薄壁结构的14个状态向量与15个截面属性之间的力学关系;建立了包含主断面属性的车身梁单元刚度分析模型和以车身接头为耦合点的整车刚度链力学模型。通过对比相同模型的有限元分析结果以及文献中的刚度链计算结果,验证了提出的薄壁结构车身刚度计算方法的合理性。最后,以车身弯曲和扭转刚度为约束条件,以车身质量为目标函数,运用遗传算法进行求解,得到了比对应文献更好的车身轻量化设计效果。The frame structures of automobile body were composed of thin-walled beams.Therefore,the thin-walled beam theory was applied to the forward development of vehicle body.Based on the improvement of the body stiffness design method in references,the mechanics relationships among 14 state vectors and 15 section properties of thin-walled structure including double moment and warping function were deduced herein.The stiffness analysis model of the body beam elements was established including main section properties and rigid chain mechanics model of vehicles with the coupling of body joints.Comparing the finite element analysis results of the same models with the ones of stiffness chain calculations in references,the rationality of the calculation method of the stiffnesses of the thin-walled structure body proposed herein was verified.Finally,with the constraints of body bending and torsional stiffnesses,and with the objective function of vehicle body quality,the genetic algorithm was used to solve the problem.The vehicle body lightweight design effectiveness was obtained,which is better than that in references.

关 键 词：车身正向设计 薄壁理论 刚度设计方法 轻量化设计 

分 类 号：U463.82[机械工程—车辆工程]