宋蔡元定“清声”十三律解——蔡元定乐律研究之二  

Cai Yuandings Music Temperament Theory(Ⅱ):Qingsheng Thirteen Pitches

作　　者：郑荣达[1] Zheng Kongda

机构地区：[1]武汉音乐学院,武汉430060

出　　处：《音乐文化研究》2020年第1期116-129,M0004,共15页Music Culture Studies

摘　　要：南宋学者蔡元定,是中国古代著名的乐律学家,他的著作《律吕新书》,也是中国历史上当前尚存的第一部乐律学专著。在中国音乐历史上,所长期应用着的三分损益十二律,它所产生的十二宫均之间,存在着音阶律结构上不统一的缺陷。其中与“古代音阶”律结构相异的几个宫调,长期被宫廷乐儒们贬为“野音”或“靡靡之音”。出于宫廷雅乐主流音乐的需要,蔡元定所创导设计的“三分损益十八律”,对当时宫廷雅乐旋宫转调的应用,应是一种非常实用的律制。笔者将通过对蔡元定的律制设计详细分析后,揭示西山先生是如何在宋代当时宫廷乐人所极力要求乐悬“去四清声”的声浪中,反逆道而行之的作为。Cai Yuanding,a scholar of the Southern Song dynasty,was famous in temperament theory in ancient China.His Lii Lii Xin Shuo(New Book on the Equal Temperament)is the first academic monograph on musical temperament in Chinese history.In Chinese music history,the most commonly used music temperament sanfen sunyi shier Lu(decrease/increase one third of parts,twelve pitches)has produced the unequal chromatic scale.Some pitches which are different from the“ancient scale”have been dismissed as“wild music”or“decadent music”in the past.In order to meet the needs of the mainstream court music,Cai Yuanding invented sanfen sunyi shiba Lu(decrease/increase one third of parts,eighteen pitches)and applied it into xuan gong zhuan diao(modulation by rolling the gong)which should be a very practical temperament.Through the detailed analysis of Cai Yuanding's music temperament theory,this article will reveal how he reversely created a new system which is different from most court musicians'request of qu si qing sheng(delete four qing pitches).

关 键 词：蔡元定 律制 变律 清声 古音阶 雅乐 

分 类 号：J612.1[艺术—音乐]