社会边缘化的“心理-结构”路径——基于当代中国失独人群的经验研究  

“Psychological-Structural”Pathway of Social Marginalization-An Empirical Study on People Who Lost the Only Child in Contemporary China

作　　者：徐晓军[1] 张楠楠[1] Xu Xiaojun;Zhang Nannan

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会学研究》2020年第3期145-168,245,共25页Sociological Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“失独人群的边缘化及其社会适应研究”的资助(16ASH014)。

摘　　要：边缘性研究在发展过程中逐渐分化为偏重外在结构性排斥的边缘情境取向和偏重内在心理体验的边缘心理取向,并普遍认为个体的社会边缘化遵循"从结构到心理"的常规路径。本文基于"结构边缘"与"心理边缘"这一对概念工具,对中国失独者因生活情境的剧烈变动而在强烈的自我意识中主动建构并逐渐封闭形成心理边缘,进而演化出从"心死"到"孤老"的结构边缘化三阶段进程加以分析,表明个体社会边缘化还存在非常规的"心理-结构"路径,并据此建构了个体社会边缘化的双重路径模型。因此,应对个体社会边缘化的关键是根据边缘化演进规律建立阶段性的截断机制,在关注外部结构性帮扶时,需更加重视个体内在心理边缘的疗愈。In general,the study of marginality adopts two major orientations:the external structured exclusion,which focuses on contextual marginalization,and the internal mental experience,which emphasizes psychological marginalization.It is believed that the social marginalization of individuals follows the conventional pathway of“from structural to psychological”.This paper analyzes the marginalization process of parents who lost their only child based on the paired concepts of“structural marginalization”and“psychological marginalization”.Due to the seismic change in their“living context”,these parents actively constructed and gradually fenced their psychological margins in a strong sense of self-awareness.This led to structural marginalization,which evolved from“a desperate heart”to“extreme isolation”.The dual-pathway model of individual marginalization is thus constructed on the basis of the non-conventional“psychological-structural”pathway of individual social marginalization.The key to dealing with individual social marginalization is to establish a staged cut-off mechanism in accordance with the evolution rules of marginalization.In addition to external structured assistance,we should pay more attention to psychological marginalization.

关 键 词：边缘性 结构边缘 心理边缘 边缘情境 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]