水封爆破装药结构优化数值分析及其应用  

Numerical analysis on the charge structure optimization under hydraulic blasting and its application

作　　者：刘江超 高文学[1] 王林台[1] 曹晓立 张声辉 韦啸 LIU Jiangchao;GAO Wenxue;WANG Lintai;CAO Xiaoli;ZHANG Shenghui;WEI Xiao(College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建工学院,北京100124

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2020年第9期57-62,96,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10004014201703);北京市教委项目(004000514311008)。

摘　　要：以温泉隧道为研究背景,从应力、振速变化、动态损伤以及爆后粉尘的角度对药柱上部水间隔、两端水间隔和下部水间隔三种装药结构进行模拟分析,选取最优结构用于工程施工。研究结果表明:(1)药柱底部水间隔装药结构易造成孔口围岩破碎导致爆炸气体流出,降低爆破效果;药柱上部和两端水间隔装药结构爆炸应力持续时间较长,有利于围岩破碎,其中药柱两端水间隔装药结构底部存在水介质,对孔底围岩起到保护作用;(2)采用两端水间隔装药结构能够同时降低炮孔两端围岩振速和所受应力,减少炸药能量流失,使其充分作用于围岩进行破碎,降低炸药单耗;(3)药柱上部水间隔装药结构对孔口围岩损伤最小,导致爆破后岩石块度较大;药柱底部水间隔装药结构形成的整个损伤区域最小,采用这种装药结构炸药单耗偏高;药柱两端水间隔装药结构形成的损伤区域规整,爆破后岩石块度最小;(4)三种装药结构中,下部水间隔结构爆后粉尘浓度最高,两端水间隔装药结构爆破后粉尘浓度稍高于上部水间隔装药结构,但是相差不大,而两端水间隔装药结构的爆破效果要优于上部水间隔装药。综上所述,药柱两端水间隔装药结构最优,可用于工程施工。综上所述,药柱两端水间隔装药结构最优,可用于工程施工。Taking the Wen Quan Tunnel as the research background,three kinds of charge structures under hydraulic blasting including the top-water-decking charge structure,two ends-water-decking charge structure and lower-water-decking charge structure were simulated from the views of stress,vibration velocity,dynamic damage and dust after explosion in order to choose the best charge structure.The results show that:(1)The lower-water-decking charge structure is liable to cause rock damage or even breakage at the orifice,resulting in the outflow of explosive gas and reduction of blasting effect.The explosion stress duration in the top-water-decking charge structure and two ends-water-decking charge structure is longer,and it is favorable for surrounding rock fragmentation.Water medium at the bottom of the two ends-water-decking charge structure can protect the surrounding rock of the hole bottom;(2)The blasting vibration speed and stress of the surrounding rock at both ends of the hole can be reduced by using the two ends-water-decking charge structure,so that the energy of the explosive can be fully acted on the surrounding rock of the hole wall to be broken,and explosive consumption can be reduced;(3)The top-water-decking charge structure has the smallest damage to the surrounding rock of the orifice,which causes the larger blocks of rock after breakage.The lower-water-decking charge structure forms the smallest damage area,which results in high explosive consumption.The damage area formed by the two ends-water-decking charge structure is regular,and the rock fragmentation is minimum after blasting;(4)Among the three charg structures,the dust concentration of the lower-water-decking charge structure is the highest after explosion.The dust concentration of the two ends-water-decking charge structure after explosion is slightly higher than that of the top-water-decking charge structure,and the difference is very small.However,the blasting effect of the two ends-water-decking charge structure is better than that of the top-wa

关 键 词：水封爆破 装药结构 动态损伤 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU455.6[建筑科学—岩土工程]