基于地基微波辐射计资料对成都双流机场两次雷雨过程的分析  

Analysis of Two Thunderstorm Events at Chengdu Shuangliu Airport on Observations of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer

作　　者：宋静 傅文伶 周天煜 SONG Jing;FU Wenling;ZHOU Tianyu(The Southwest Bureau of Civil Aviation Administration of China,Chengdu 610202,China;Beijing Airda Electronic Equipment Company Limited,Beijing 102299,China)

机构地区：[1]民航西南地区空中交通管理局气象中心,四川成都610202 [2]北京爱尔达电子设备有限公司,北京102299

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2020年第2期61-67,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：民航联合研究基金重点项目(U1733203)。

摘　　要：利用地基微波辐射计资料,比较了2017年7月成都双流机场的两次雷雨过程,根据天气形势分为"两高切变"和"东高西低"2类,在此基础上分析微波辐射计要素变化特征,结果表明:在垂直方向0~10 km,以相对湿度达到80%来区分干区和湿区,则两次过程前3 h,相对湿度在垂直方向均呈现"上下干、中间湿"三层结构,并早于近地层前2 h达到饱和状态;过程期间相对湿度呈现"上干、下湿"两层结构;过程结束后湿层抬高,低层变干。两次过程水汽含量充沛,保持在70 kg/m^2以上,峰值超过85 kg/m^2。每一次中阵雨发生后水汽含量都会短暂回落,但仍高于过程前的数值,不足2 h后再次发生中阵雨。由0℃线高度变化可知,降水过程中,暖区(温度≥0℃)内相对湿度≥90%;云中液态水含量主要分布于6 km以下,温度在0℃以上的液态水占比很高,故两次过程以暖云降水为主。雷雨前1 h左右有"低层气温上升,0℃层抬升,K指数、CAPE指数也明显增大"的典型特征。降水发生在相对湿度、水汽总含量、云中液态水含量和稳定度指数快速增长的波峰中。On analysis of two thunderstorm events with data of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer at Chengdu Shuangliu Airport,the"dry-wet-dry"3-layer vertical structure of relative humidity(RH)from 0 to 10 kilometers above the ground,which can be observed about 2-3 hours before precipitation,transforms to upper dry and lower wet structure during the storms,with warmer low-level air and level-up of 0℃layer appearing about 1 hour before,and the increase of total water vapor(IWV),cloud liquid water content(LWP)and the stability index of K and convective available potential energy(CAPE).The thunderstorms burst on the peak of RH,IWV,LWP,K-index and CAPE,with lower intensity of rainfall aft the decrease of IWV,LWP,K-index and CAPE.It can also be observed that IWV usually falls when the rainfall weakens,and increases again before another shower which falls within 2 hours,keeping above the beginning level during the storms.It also shows that the warm clouds contribute mainly to the rainfall as the relative humidity under the height of 0℃layer keeps above 90%and most of the cloud liquid water is warm.

关 键 词：微波辐射计 探空资料 雷雨 暖云降水 双流机场 

分 类 号：P458.121[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]